Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the women (N = 4684) according to quartiles of total fiber intake, SU.VI.MAX cohort, France, 1994–2007.
| Q1 (n = 1171) | Q2 (n = 1171) | Q3 (n = 1171) | Q4 (n = 1171) | P 1 | |||||
| Age (years) | 46.6 | ±6.3 | 46.6 | ±6.7 | 47.1 | ±6.6 | 47.6 | ±6.7 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4 | ±4.0 | 23.0 | ±3.8 | 23.0 | ±3.5 | 23.0 | ±3.6 | 0.005 |
| ≥25 kg/m2 | 306 | (26.1) | 242 | (20.7) | 246 | (21.0) | 246 | (21.0) | 0.003 |
| Height (cm) | 161 | ±6.0 | 161 | ±5.9 | 162 | ±5.7 | 163 | ±5.9 | <0.0001 |
| Intervention group (yes) | 552 | (47.1) | 569 | (48.6) | 602 | (51.4) | 594 | (50.7) | 0.1 |
| Smoking status | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| Never | 594 | (50.7) | 671 | (57.3) | 700 | (59.8) | 739 | (63.1) | |
| Former | 329 | (28.1) | 327 | (27.9) | 353 | (30.2) | 338 | (28.9) | |
| Current | 248 | (21.2) | 173 | (14.8) | 118 | (10.1) | 94 | (8.0) | |
| Physical activity | 0.0001 | ||||||||
| Irregular | 347 | (29.6) | 312 | (26.6) | 295 | (25.2) | 245 | (20.9) | |
| <1h/d walking or equivalent | 367 | (31.3) | 406 | (34.7) | 428 | (36.6) | 435 | (37.2) | |
| ≥1h/d walking or equivalent | 457 | (39.0) | 453 | (38.7) | 448 | (38.3) | 491 | (41.9) | |
| Educational level | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| Primary | 271 | (23.1) | 196 | (16.7) | 204 | (17.4) | 181 | (15.5) | |
| Secondary | 454 | (38.8) | 469 | (40.1) | 466 | (39.8) | 456 | (38.9) | |
| University | 446 | (38.1) | 506 | (43.2) | 501 | (42.8) | 534 | (45.6) | |
| Family history of breast cancer2 (yes, %) | 104 | (8.9) | 108 | (9.2) | 110 | (9.4) | 85 | (7.3) | 0.2 |
| Number of children | 2 | ±1.1 | 2 | ±1.1 | 2 | ±1.1 | 2 | ±1.2 | 0.8 |
| Menopausal status at baseline (yes, %) | 337 | (28.8) | 341 | (29.1) | 358 | (30.6) | 377 | (32.2) | 0.3 |
| Age at menopause (years) | 51.0 | ±4.7 | 51.1 | ±4.3 | 50.9 | ±4.2 | 51.2 | ±3.9 | 0.4 |
| Use of HTM at baseline (yes,%) | 317 | (27.1) | 330 | (28.2) | 375 | (32.0) | 366 | (31.3) | 0.02 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1438.3 | ±367.6 | 1746.2 | ±345.5 | 1934.7 | ±363.9 | 2188.9 | ±446.3 | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol intake (g/d) | 11.9 | ±15.8 | 11.3 | ±13.0 | 10.9 | ±12.7 | 8.8 | ±10.8 | 0.006 |
| Total fat intake (g/d) | 63.9 | ±19.9 | 76.8 | ±18.9 | 84.2 | ±19.9 | 93.9 | ±25.2 | <0.0001 |
| Total dietary fiber intake (g/d) | 10.7 | ±2.0 | 15.0 | ±0.9 | 18.4 | ±1.1 | 24.9 | ±4.9 | <0.0001 |
| Insoluble fiber (g/d) | 8.4 | ±1.7 | 11.9 | ±0.9 | 14.6 | ±1.0 | 19.9 | ±4.1 | <0.0001 |
| Soluble fiber (g/d) | 2.3 | ±0.5 | 3.1 | ±0.5 | 3.8 | ±0.6 | 5.0 | ±1.2 | <0.0001 |
| Cereal fiber (g/d) | 4.1 | ±1.4 | 5.6 | ±1.7 | 6.7 | ±2.0 | 8.7 | ±3.3 | <0.0001 |
| Vegetable fiber (g/d) | 2.7 | ±1.2 | 3.6 | ±1.4 | 4.4 | ±1.6 | 5.7 | ±2.2 | <0.0001 |
| Fruit fiber (g/d) | 2.0 | ±1.3 | 3.2 | ±1.5 | 4.1 | ±1.8 | 5.8 | ±2.9 | <0.0001 |
| Legume fiber (g/d) 3 | 0.5 | ±0.7 | 0.7 | ±0.9 | 1.1 | ±1.2 | 1.7 | ±2.0 | <0.0001 |
| Score of overall healthy dietary pattern | –0.6 | ±0.8 | –0.2 | ±0.8 | 0.1 | ±0.8 | 0.7 | ±1.0 | <0.0001 |
BMI body mass index; HTM hormonal treatment for menopause; Q Quartile.
Values are mean ±SD for all variables except for BMI≥25 kg/m2, intervention group, smoking status, physical activity, educational level, family history of breast cancer, menopausal status at baseline and use of HTM at baseline for which they are N, %.
1
Chi-square tests or Fisher tests as appropriate. Data for dietary variables were log-transformed to improve normality. All statistical tests were 2-sided.
2
Among first degree relatives.
3
Including fiber from soya and soya products.