Hap1 regulates axon specification upstream of mTORC1 signaling. A, E18 hippocampal neurons transfected 2 h after plating and treated with 20 nm rapamycin or DMSO vehicle on DIV1 and DIV3 were subjected to immunocytochemistry on DIV5. Scale bar, 20 μm. B, Quantification of axon specification as a percentage of neurons from A. Rapamycin suppressed specification of supernumerary axons in Hap1-knockdown neurons (n = 3 experiments). ***p < 0.001 (two-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test). n.s., not statistically different. C, E18 hippocampal neurons transfected 2 h after plating with Hap1 RNAi and Tsc2SA/TA or vector control plasmids were subjected to immunocytochemistry on DIV5. D, Quantification of axon specification as a percentage of neurons from C. Expression of Tsc2SA/TA suppressed specification of supernumerary axons in Hap1-knockdown neurons (n = 3 experiments). ***p < 0.001 (two-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test). n.s., not statistically different.