Table 2.
Results risk of bias assessment, in which 1 is a full point, 1/2 is half a point, 0 is no point, and NA is not applicable shoulder and forearm muscles separately
| Authors | Internal validity (measurements) | Internal validity (intervention) | Sub-score (%)a | External validity | Sub-score (%)a | Total score (%)b | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1c | 2c | 3ac | 3bc | 4c | 5ac | 5bc | 5cc | ||||
| Blangsted et al. (2003)** | ? | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 67 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 83 | 75 |
| Leyman et al. (2004) | ? | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 60 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 75 |
| Rietveld et al. (2007) | ? | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 60 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 75 |
| Ekberg et al. (1995) (main) | ? | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 60 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 83 | 69 |
| Gerard et al. (2002) | ? | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 60 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 83 | 69 |
| Hughes et al. (2007) | ? | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 60 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 83 | 69 |
| Szeto et al. (2005)** | ? | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 60 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 83 | 69 |
| Wahlstrom et al. (2002) | ? | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 60 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 83 | 69 |
| Wang et al. (2011) | ? | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 60 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 83 | 69 |
| Alkjaer et al. (2005) | ? | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 60 | 1/2 | 1 | 1/2 | 67 | 63 |
| Blangsted et al. (2004) | ? | 0 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 50 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 83 | 63 |
| Ekberg et al. (1995) (pilot) | ? | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 60 | 1/2 | 1 | 1/2 | 67 | 63 |
| Visser et al. (2004) | ? | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1 | 60 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 67 | 63 |
| Kristiansen et al. (2009) | ? | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 60 | 1/2 | 0 | 1 | 50 | 56 |
| Laursen et al. (2002) | ? | 1 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 70 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 0 | 33 | 56 |
| McLean and Urquhart (2002) | ? | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 83 | 56 |
| Schnoz et al. (2000) | ? | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 60 | 1/2 | 0 | 1 | 50 | 56 |
| Szeto and Lin (2011)** | ? | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1 | 60 | 1/2 | 0 | 1 | 50 | 56 |
| Waersted et al. (1994)*** | ? | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 60 | 1/2 | 0 | 1 | 50 | 56 |
| Westad et al. (2004); Westgaard et al. (2006)* | ? | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 1 | 1/2 | 1 | 83 | 56 |
| Bloemsaat et al. (2005) | ? | 1 | 1/2 | 0 | 1 | 50 | 1/2 | 0 | 1 | 50 | 50 |
| Finsen et al. (2001a, b) | ? | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1 | 67 | 50 |
| Johnston et al. (2008) | ? | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1 | 67 | 50 |
| Sandfeld and Jensen (2005) | ? | 1 | ? | 0 | 1 | 40 | 1 | 0 | 1/2 | 50 | 44 |
| Laursen et al. (2000, 2001)* | ? | 1 | ? | 0 | 1 | 40 | 1/2 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 31 |
| Waersted et al. (1991) | ? | 0 | 1/2 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 1/2 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 25 |
* Data in the two publications concern the same study population and the same experiment and are therefore combined
** Subgroup of total study population that is of interest
*** Experiment 1 included only
a(Number of points scored divided by the maximum number of points for the particular category)*100 %
b(Number of points scored on all items divided by the maximum number of points)*100 %
cThis specific item and its scoring is explained in the risk of bias checklist (Table 1)