Table 3. Other taxa with mtDNA breaks.
Other transcontinentally distributed vertebrates with mtDNA lineage breaks between the northwest coast and lineages found in the rest of their North American range.
| Species | mtDNA marker | Divergence estimate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % divergence | ybp | Source | ||
| Birds | ||||
| Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) | control region | – | 124,000 − 10,000 | Peters, Gretes & Omland (2005) |
| Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus) |
NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 | ∼1.5% | 925,000 − 470,000 | Klicka et al. (2011) |
| Gray Jay (Perisoreus canadensis) | NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 | 4.6–5.1% | 5,520,000 − 890,000 | van Els, Cicero & Klicka (2012) |
| Common Raven (Corvus corax) | cytochrome b, control region | 4.0–5.0% | ∼2,000,000 | Omland et al. (2000) |
| Boreal Chickadee (Poecile hudsonicus) |
control region, ATPase | – | 133,300 − 26,700 | Lait & Burg (2013) |
| White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) | NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 | 3.6–4.7% | 1,600,000 − 630,000 | Spellman & Klicka (2007) |
| Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) |
NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 | 1.5–3.0% | 2,500,000 | Manthey, Klicka & Spellman (2011) |
| Winter & Pacific wrens (Troglodytes hiemalis & pacificus) | NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 | 6.24% | 4,300,000 | Toews & Irwin (2008) |
| Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata) | control region, ATPase 6 & 8 | 0.13–0.15% | 12,000 − 10,000 | Milá, Smith & Wayne (2007) |
| Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia) |
control region | – | 100,000 − 18,500 | Milot, Gibbs & Hobson (2000) |
| Wilson’s Warbler (Cardellina pusilla) |
control region | – | 62,500 − 33,654 | Kimura et al. (2002) |
| Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca) | cytochrome b, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 | 1.47–1.91% | 770,000 | Weir & Schluter (2004) |
| Mammals | ||||
| shrews (Sorex bairdi and S. monticolus) |
cytochrome b | 4.7–5.7% | – | Demboski, Stone & Cook (1999) |
| northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) | cytochrome b | 4.3% | 1,200,000 − 770,000 | Arbogast (1999) |
| tree squirrels (Tamiasciurus douglasii + mearnsi and T. hudsonicus) |
cytochrome b | 1.0–2.4% | 240,000 − 80,000 | Arbogast, Browne & Weigl (2001) |
| red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi) |
cytochrome b | 3.3% | – | Runck & Cook (2005) |
| black bear (Ursus americanus) | control region, cytochrome b | 5%, 3.1–3.6 % | 1,800,000 | Wooding & Ward (1997); Stone & Cook (2000) |
| American pine marten (Martes americana) | cytochrome b | 2.5–2.8% | – | Demboski, Stone & Cook (1999) |