Table 1. Characteristics of models used to estimate air pollution exposures.

Project	Areas	Air pollution sampling description	Pollutants	R 2	RMSE	Associated publications
ESCAPE	GINI/LISA South	20 sites (PM)/40 (NO2) in Munich, Augsburg and small nearby towns sampled for three two-week intervals between 10.2008 and 11.2009	NO2	0.86	5.5	(Beelen et al., 2013; Cyrys et al., 2012)
			PM2.5 mass	0.78	1.0	(Eeftens et al., 2012a; Eeftens et al., 2012b)
			PM2.5 absorbance	0.91	0.2
	GINI/LISA North	20 sites (PM)/40 (NO2) in Dortmund, Duisburg, Essen and smaller towns sampled for three two-week intervals between 10.2008 and 10.2009	NO2	0.89	4.3	(Beelen et al., 2013; Cyrys et al., 2012)
			PM2.5 mass	0.88	0.9	(Eeftens et al., 2012a; Eeftens et al., 2012b)
			PM2.5 absorbance	0.97	0.1
TRAPCA	LISA East	30 sites sampled for four two-week intervals between 04.2004 and 03.2005	NO2	0.81	2.7	-
			PM2.5 mass	0.55	0.1	-
APMoSPHERE	GINI/LISA South and North, and LISA East	Air pollution data for 2001 obtained from Airbase (air quality database from routine air pollution monitoring covering 15 European member states; resolution 1 × 1 km)	Ozone	0.70	7.7	(Beelen et al., 2009)

Notes.

R²

Model explained variance

RMSE

Root-mean standard errors