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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 15.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Immunol. 2010 Sep 17;10(10):10.1038/nri2848. doi: 10.1038/nri2848

Figure 2. Expression of IL-9 by distinct T cell subsets.

Figure 2

Different differentiation pathways of effector CD4+ T cell subsets are shown, as well as the transcription factors that are necessary for their differentiation and some of the cytokines that they produce. Interleukin-9 (IL-9) has been reported to be expressed by T helper 2 (TH2), TH9, TH17 and regulatory T (TReg) cell subsets, and all of these subsets, except TH2 cells, require transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) for IL-9 production. AHR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; FOXP3, forkhead box P3; GATA3, GATA-binding protein 3; IFNγ, interferon-γ; IRF4, interferon-regulatory factor 4; ROR, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.