Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics According to Provider Specialty
| Variable | Overall (n=10 097) | Internal Medicine/Primary Care (n=1969) | Cardiology (n=6584) | Electrophysiology (n=1544) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (Q1, Q3) | 75 (67, 82) | 76 (68, 82) | 75 (67, 82) | 73 (64, 80) | <0.0001 |
| Female (%) | 4274 (42.3) | 879 (44.6) | 2778 (42.2) | 617 (40.0) | 0.0192 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Black | 505 (5.0) | 119 (6.0) | 349 (5.3) | 37 (2.4) | |
| Hispanic | 421 (4.2) | 65 (3.3) | 349 (5.3) | 7 (0.5) | |
| White | 9008 (89.2) | 1755 (89.1) | 5763 (87.5) | 1490 (96.5) | |
| Other* | 144 (1.4) | 24 (1.2) | 110 (1.7) | 10 (0.7) | |
| Payer/insurance, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Medicaid | 468 (4.6) | 118 (6.0) | 314 (4.8) | 36 (2.3) | |
| Medicare | 6562 (65.0) | 1282 (65.1) | 4286 (65.1) | 994 (64.4) | |
| Private | 2580 (25.6) | 470 (23.9) | 1666 (25.3) | 444 (28.8) | |
| Military | 109 (1.1) | 11 (0.6) | 72 (1.1) | 26 (1.7) | |
| Other* | 284 (2.8) | 64 (3.3) | 185 (2.8) | 35 (2.3) | |
| None | 91 (0.9) | 24 (1.2) | 59 (0.9) | 8 (0.5) | |
| CHADS2 score, mean (SD) | 2.3 (1.3) | 2.4 (1.3) | 2.3 (1.3) | 2.1 (1.3) | <0.0001 |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc score, mean (SD) | 3.9 (1.8) | 4.0 (1.8) | 3.9 (1.8) | 3.6 (1.8) | <0.0001 |
| ATRIA score, mean (SD) | 2.8 (2.0) | 2.9 (2.0) | 2.9 (2.0) | 2.3 (1.9) | <0.0001 |
| Cognitive impairment/dementia, n (%) | 309 (3.1) | 118 (6.0) | 171 (2.6) | 20 (1.3) | <0.0001 |
| COPD, n (%) | 1652 (16.4) | 372 (18.9) | 1060 (16.1) | 220 (14.3) | 0.0007 |
| Dialysis, n (%) | 127 (1.3) | 21 (1.1) | 91 (1.4) | 15 (1.0) | 0.2981 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 2970 (29.4) | 617 (31.3) | 1947 (29.6) | 406 (26.3) | 0.0045 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 3277 (32.5) | 571 (29.0) | 2181 (33.1) | 525 (34.0) | 0.0010 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 8378 (83.0) | 1669 (84.8) | 5516 (83.8) | 1193 (77.3) | <0.0001 |
| Significant valvular disease, n (%)* | 2570 (25.5) | 439 (22.3) | 1676 (25.5) | 455 (29.5) | <0.0001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 1345 (13.3) | 282 (14.3) | 872 (13.2) | 191 (12.4) | 0.2290 |
| Prior stroke or TIA, n (%) | 1521 (15.1) | 342 (17.4) | 974 (14.8) | 205 (13.3) | 0.0020 |
| Prior MI, n (%) | 1597 (15.8) | 281 (14.3) | 1092 (16.6) | 224 (14.5) | 0.0147 |
| Sinus node dysfunction, n (%) | 1767 (17.5) | 229 (11.6) | 1263 (19.2) | 275 (17.8) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker (among smokers), n (%) | 584 (12.0) | 124 (13.3) | 370 (11.7) | 90 (11.3) | 0.0251 |
| Type of AF, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| First detected | 475 (5.0) | 120 (6.1) | 324 (4.9) | 31 (2.0) | |
| Paroxysmal | 5093 (50.0) | 1028 (52.2) | 3172 (48.2) | 893 (57.8) | |
| Persistent | 1695 (16.8) | 290 (14.7) | 1080 (16.4) | 325 (21.1) | |
| Permanent | 2820 (27.9) | 528 (26.8) | 1997 (30.3) | 295 (19.1) | |
| Heart rate, median (Q1, Q3) | 70 (63, 80) | 71 (64, 78) | 70 (63, 80) | 70 (61, 79) | 0.0027 |
| Systolic BP, median (Q1, Q3) | 126 (116, 138) | 125 (118, 136) | 126 (116, 138) | 122 (112, 136) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP, median (Q1, Q3) | 72 (66, 80) | 72 (66, 80) | 72 (66, 80) | 72 (66, 80) | 0.3139 |
| LBBB, n (%) | 397 (3.9) | 92 (4.7) | 243 (3.7) | 62 (4.0) | <0.0001 |
| LVEF <30%, n (%) | 423 (4.2) | 49 (2.5) | 276 (4.2) | 98 (6.4) | 0.0001 |
| Creatinine clearance (mL/min per 1.73 m2), median (Q1, Q3) | 70 (50, 97) | 66 (49, 94) | 69 (50, 96) | 76 (54, 104) | <0.0001 |
Q1, Q3 indicates quartiles 1, 3; CHADS2, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or TIA or thromboembolism; CHA2DS2‐VASc, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or TIA or thromboembolism, vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, sex category; ATRIA, anticoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; TIA, transient ischemic attack; MI, myocardial infarction; AF, atrial fibrillation; BP, blood pressure; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.
Other includes American Indian/Alaskan native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Native, and other.
Other includes state‐specific plan (non‐Medicaid) and other insurance.
Any moderate to severe valvular insufficiency or stenosis.