Table 1.
Characteristics of Included Trials and Participants
| Study Name | SYNTAX Trial19 | CARDia Study20 | FREEDOM Trial23 | VA CARDS24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study type | Subgroup analysis of RCT (noninferiority) | RCT (noninferiority) | RCT (superiority) | RCT |
| Study criteria | De novo LM and/or 3VD randomized to PCI or CABG | Diabetics with MVD or ostial/proximal LAD | Diabetics with MVD >70% in ≥2 major epicardial vessels in ≥2 separate coronary artery territories | Diabetics with MVD including the LAD or isolated proximal LAD |
| Total No. of PCI patients | 231 | 256 | 953 | 101 |
| Total No. of CABG patients | 221 | 254 | 947 | 97 |
| Recruitment period | 2005–2007 | 2002–2007 | 2005–2010 | 2006–2010 |
| Age, y | 65.4±9.2 | 64±8.7 | 63.1±9.1 | 62±7 |
| Female, n | 131 (29%) | 132 (25.9%) | 544 (28.6%) | 2 (1%) |
| Current smoker, n | 71 (15.8%) | 122 (23.1%) | 298 (15.6%) | 48(24%) |
| Prior MI, n | 143 (32%) | N/A | 487 (25.6%) | 63(32%) |
| LVEF, n | 13 (2.9%)* | 4 (0.8%)* | 32 (1%)* | 32(16%)* |
| Mean SYNTAX Score | 29±11.2 | N/A | 26.2±8.2 | 22.1±9 |
| Mean euroSCORE | 4.0±2.7 | N/A | 2.8±2.5 | N/A |
| Mean HbA1c, % | >7* | 7.9±1.5 | 7.8±1.7 | 7.9±1.7 |
| Insulin use, n (%) | 40.3% | 192 (37.6%) | 615 (32.4%) | 93 (47%) |
| Mean follow‐up period, y | 5 | 5.1 (interquartile range 3.8 to 5.4) | 3.8 (range 2.5 to 4.9) | 2 |
| Follow‐up completeness | 92.2% CABG; 98% PCI | 95% CABG; 96.8% PCI | 94.9% CABG; 91% PCI | 100% |
| LIMA | N/A | 94% | 94.4% | 100% |
| No. of grafts | N/A | 2.9 | 2.9±0.8 | N/A |
| No. of stents | N/A | 3.6 | 3.5±1.4 | N/A |
| Total length of stent, (mean)* | 88.6±49.0 mm | 71 mm | 26.1+14.2 mm | N/A |
| Patients with 3VD | 71% | 65% | 83% | N/A |
| Patients on DAPT at 1 y | 71.8% | 50.9% | 90% | N/A |
| Patients with DES | 100% | 69% | 100% | 95.5% |
| Screened population meeting eligibility criteria and eventually randomized | 41% of screened patients were eligible and enrolled | N/A | 10% of screened population met eligibility criteria and 5.7% of screened population was ultimately randomized | 9% of screened population met eligibility criteria and 35% of eligible patients were enrolled |
RCT indicates randomized controlled trial; LM, left main; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft surgery; MVD, multivessel coronary artery disease; LAD, left anterior descending coronary artery; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; LIMA, left internal mammary artery; MI, myocardial infarction; N/A, not available; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; DAPT, dual antiplatelet therapy; DES, drug‐eluting stents.
*
LVEF <30%.
*
LVEF <40%.
*
Fifty‐seven percent of patient had HbA1c >7%.
*
PCI arm only.