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. 2013 Aug 23;2(4):e000106. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000106

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© 2013 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley-Blackwell.

This is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Figure 8. — Protein fractional synthesis rates (FSRs) by GC‐MS and amino acid concentration by ¹H‐NMR from left ventricular tissues. A, ¹³C‐MPE of intracellular free leucine. B, FSRs. RELOAD significantly increased ¹³C‐MPE of leucine, and cardiac FSRs by >75% over UNLOAD. C, Amino acid concentration. Glutamate concentration was decreased, while glutamine was increased in RELOAD. Clear column: UNLOAD; black column: RELOAD. Values are means±SE; n=6 to 8 per group. *P<0.05, ^†P<0.01 compared with UNLOAD. GC‐MS indicates gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; MPE, ¹³C‐molar percent enrichment; SE, standard error.