Fig. 7.

(A–C) Paepalanthus stannardii. (A) Lateral renewals below the terminal stand of capitula. (B) M. Trovó in front of a tall branched individual (>2 m). (C) Innovations from the ground, some performing the first terminal inflorescences forcing dichasial or monochasial continuation. (D) Paepalanthus distichophyllus. Arrows indicate (1) a single terminal capitulum having moved into a seemingly lateral position by the vegetative continuation; (2) several paired renewals below a terminal group of capitula; (3) innovations from the ground. (E) Syngonanthus verticillatus is characterized by rosulate leaf clusters separated by scapose internodia on a seemingly monopodial stem. How and why these forms have deviated from the basal rosettes with a terminal botryoid of capitula (as it is typical for the majority of Syngonanthus) is not yet understood.