TABLE 4—
Hierarchical Logistic Models of the Relationships Between Neighborhood Characteristics and the Odds of Analgesic-Induced Deaths vs Heroin-Induced Deaths: New York City, 2000–2006
| Crude OR (95% CI) | Model 1 OR (95% CI) | Model 2 OR (95% CI) | Model 3 OR (95% CI) | Model 4 OR (95% CI) | |
| Median income | 1.40 (1.20, 1.65) | 1.31 (1.12, 1.54) | 1.20 (0.98, 1.47) | 1.31 (1.11, 1.54) | 1.11 (0.89, 1.39) |
| Income inequalitya | 0.74 (0.61, 0.91) | 0.83 (0.68, 1.01) | 0.86 (0.70, 1.04) | 0.83 (0.67, 1.02) | 0.86 (0.70, 1.04) |
| Acceptably clean sidewalks | 1.48 (1.22, 1.79) | … | 1.18 (0.94, 1.49) | … | … |
| Dilapidated housing structures | 0.86 (0.70, 1.06) | … | … | 0.99 (0.81, 1.23) | … |
| Family fragmentationb | 0.65 (0.55, 0.78) | … | … | … | 0.71 (0.55, 0.92) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio. All models controlled for decedents’ age, gender, and race/ethnicity; percentage of Black residents; and percentage of opiate use.
a
According to the Gini coefficient (0 = perfectly equitable income distribution, 1 = complete inequality).
b
Percentage of individuals divorced and separated and percentage of children living in single-parent households.