NO mediates NOD2-driven activation of SHH signaling.
A, macrophages were treated with various concentrations of MDP as indicated. mRNA levels of Inos were assayed by quantitative real time RT-PCR, and change in nitrate production was measured using Griess reagent. B, macrophages were treated with MDP, and kinetics of iNOS expression and NO production were assayed by immunoblotting and Griess reagent, respectively (mean ± S.E., n = 3). Med, medium. C and D, iNOS expression and NO production were analyzed by inhibition of NOD2 signaling by PP2 (C) or Nod2-, Rip2-, and Tak1-specific siRNAs (D). *, p < 0.05 versus control; **, p < 0.05 versus MDP treatment or MDP-treated nontargeted (NT) siRNA (one-way ANOVA). E and F, iNOS null and WT macrophages were treated with MDP or SIN1, and the activation status of SHH signaling was monitored at the transcript (E) and protein levels (F). WT, wild type; iNOS−/−, iNOS knock-out. G, BAY 11-7082, an IκB inhibitor, was used to monitor activation of SHH signaling upon activation of NOD2 pathway by MDP or with exogenous supply of NO by SIN1. *, p < 0.05 versus control; **, p < 0.05 versus WT MDP treatment (one-way ANOVA).