FIGURE 1.

Assessment of cellular bioenergetics in osteoblasts and OS cells. Cells were seeded in Seahorse XF24-compatible 24-well plates. After 24 h, the cell medium was replaced with DMEM/XF24 medium, and the basal OCR (upper panel) and ECAR (lower panel) were assayed as measures of mitochondrial function and glycolysis, respectively, using the Seahorse XF24 apparatus. Afterward, cells were trypsinized and counted. Rates were normalized to cell numbers. Data are means ± S.E. (n = 5). *, p < 0.05 versus hFOB values. mpH, milli-pH (pH × 10⁻³).