Table 1.
Food grouping used in dietary pattern analyses
| Food groups | Food items |
|---|---|
| Processed meat | Sausages, hotdog |
| Red meat | Beef, hamburger, lamb |
| Organ meat | Beef liver |
| Other meat products | Kalepache (an Iranian food prepared from beef brain and tongue), beef viscera |
| Fish | Canned tuna fish, other fish |
| Poultry with skin | Chicken with skin |
| Poultry without skin | Chicken without skin |
| Egg | Eggs |
| Butter and margarine | Butter, margarine |
| Margarine | Margarine |
| Low-fat dairy products | Skim or low-fat milk, low-fat yogurt |
| High fat dairy products | High-fat milk, whole milk, chocolate milk, cream, high-fat yogurt, cream yogurt, cream cheese, other kinds of cheese, ice cream |
| Tea | Tea |
| Coffee | Coffee |
| Fruits | Pear, apricot, cherry, apple, raisin or grape, banana, cantaloupe, watermelon, orange, grapefruit, kiwi, strawberry, peach, nectarine, tangerine, mulberry, plum, persimmon, pomegranate, lemon, pineapple, fresh fig and date |
| Fruit juices | Apple juice, orange juice, grapefruit juice, other fruit juices |
| Cruciferous and yellow vegetables | Cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprout, kale and carrots |
| Tomato | Tomato, tomato sauce |
| Green leafy vegetables | Spinach, lettuce |
| Other vegetables | Cucumber, mixed vegetables, eggplant, celery, green pea, green bean, green pepper, turnip, corn, squash, mushrooms |
| Legumes | Bean, pea, lima bean, broad bean, lentil |
| Garlic | Garlic |
| Onion | Onion |
| Potatoes | Potato |
| Whole grains | Dark breads (Iranian), barley bread, popcorn, cornflakes, wheat germ, bulgur |
| Refined grains | White breads (Iranian, baguettes), noodles, pasta, rice, toasted bread, milled barley, sweet bread, white flour, starch, biscuits |
| Pizza | Pizza |
| Soy | Soy |
| Nuts | Peanut, almond, pistachio, hazelnut, roasted seed, walnut |
| Mayonnaise | Mayonnaise |
| Dried fruits | Dried fig, dried date, dried mulberry, other dried fruits |
| Olive | Olive, olive oil |
| Sweets and desserts | Chocolates, cookies, cakes, confections |
| Hydrogenated fats | Hydrogenated fats |
| Vegetable oils | Vegetable oils (except for olive oil) |
| Animal fats | Animal fats |
| Sugar | Sugars, candies, gaz (an Iranian confectionery made of sugar, nuts, and tamarisk) |
| Broth | Broth |
| Soft drink | Soft drinks |
| Yogurt drink | Doogh |
| Condiments | Jam, jelly, honey |
| Spices | Salt, pepper, saffron, ginger |
| Pickles | Pickles |
| Snacks | Potato chips, corn puffs, crackers, popcorn |