Table 2. Baseline characteristics associated with initiation of therapy among patients whose disease progressed* (n = 200).
| Started on treatment | Not started on treatment | P† | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 123 | 77 | |
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 60.5 ± 12.1 | 69.5 ± 12.8 | <0.01 |
| White race | 80 (65.0) | 63 (81.8) | 0.01 |
| Female sex | 60 (48.8) | 34 (44.2) | 0.52 |
| Primary care site | 0.96 | ||
| Health center | 43 (35.5) | 27 (37.5) | |
| Hospital based | 64 (52.9) | 37 (51.4) | |
| Private practice | 14 (11.6) | 8 (11.1) | |
| <8 medications | 64 (52.0) | 43 (55.8) | 0.60 |
| Insurance type | 0.02 | ||
| Commercial | 42 (34.1) | 21 (27.3) | |
| Medicaid | 21 (17.1) | 4 (5.2) | |
| Medicare | 55 (44.7) | 50 (64.9) | |
| Uninsured | 5 (4.1) | 2 (2.6) | |
| Estimated household income (USD) | 53,341 ± 27,905 | 57,808 ± 37,260 | 0.37 |
| Comorbid illness: known history of | |||
| Hyperlipidemia | 68 (55.3) | 49 (63.6) | 0.24 |
| Hypertension | 79 (64.2) | 59 (76.6) | 0.07 |
| Smoking | 18 (14.6) | 8 (10.4) | 0.39 |
| Obesity | 36 (29.3) | 22 (28.6) | 0.92 |
| History of coronary artery disease | 22 (17.9) | 21 (27.3) | 0.12 |
| Aspirin use at baseline | 48 (39.0) | 39 (50.7) | 0.11 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Baseline weight (lb) | 195.8 ± 45.4 | 193.1 ± 64.4 | 0.80 |
| Baseline BMI (kg/m2) | 32.6 ±7.1 | 31.7 ± 12.1 | 0.72 |
| Change in weight (lb) | −1.0 ± 17.0 | 2.8 ± 13.7 | 0.23 |
| Baseline SBP (mmHg) | 126.0 ± 14.9 | 130.7 ± 18.2 | 0.09 |
| Baseline DBP (mmHg) | 72.4 ± 10.1 | 75.7 ± 11.8 | 0.07 |
| Laboratory measurements | |||
| Baseline LDL (mg/dl) | 95.9 ± 34.5 | 92.9 ± 27.2 | 0.54 |
| Baseline HDL (mg/dl) | 46.1 ± 12.5 | 50.5 ± 15.7 | 0.05 |
| Baseline triglycerides (mg/dl) | 165.4 ± 104.4 | 161.8 ± 93.9 | 0.82 |
| Baseline A1C (%) | 6.5 ± 0.3 | 6.6 ± 0.28 | 0.07 |
| Albuminuria‡ | 0.08 | ||
| Unknown | 35 (28.5) | 35 (45.5) | |
| Absence | 74 (60.2) | 36 (46.8) | |
| Microalbuminuria | 12 (9.8) | 4 (5.2) | |
| Macroalbuminuria | 2 (1.6) | 2 (2.6) |
Data are means ± SD or n (%).
*
Diabetes progression is defined as having an A1C increase from <7% at baseline to ≥7% at follow-up or the initiation of a hypoglycemic agent at follow-up, suggesting a response to worsening glycemia.
†
t test comparing nonprogressors and progressors.
‡
Microalbuminuria = urine albumin excretion 30–300 mg/g creatinine, macroalbuminuria = urine albumin excretion >300 mg/g creatinine. DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.