Table 2. Results of multivariate Cox proportional-hazards analysis in the testing set (n = 111).
| Variable |
For death
|
For progression-free survival
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio | 95% confidence interval | P | Hazard Ratio | 95% confidence interval | P | |
| Age (years) ≥ 60.00 (VS. < 60.0) | 1.266 | (0.734 to 2.185) | 0.396 | 1.053 | (0.613 to 1.808) | 0.852 |
| Gender Male (VS. Female) | 3.289 | (1.336 to8.096) | 0.010 | 3.449 | (1.535 to 7.747) | 0.003 |
| Smoking history Yes (VS. No ) | 4.643 | (1.958 to 11.009) | 0.000 | 2.443 | (1.158 to 5.152) | 0.019 |
| CEA (ng/ml) > 5 (VS. ≤ 5) | 2.556 | (1.516 to 4.309) | 0.000 | 2.133 | (1.271 to 3.581) | 0.004 |
| Initial clinical stage | ||||||
| I | 0.998 | (0.277 to 3.603) | 0.998 | 1.063 | (0.267 to 4.231) | 0.931 |
| II | 0.785 | (0.340 to 1.813) | 0.571 | 0.928 | (0.387 to 2.228) | 0.868 |
| III | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Histology | ||||||
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 1.558 | (0.443 to 5.478) | 0.490 | 1.195 | (0.405 to 3.523) | 0.747 |
| Adenocarcinoma | 1.474 | (0.378 to 5.742) | 0.576 | 0.640 | (0.179 to 2.293) | 0.493 |
| Adenosquamous carcinoma | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Differentiation | ||||||
| Well | 0.886 | (0.414 to 1.897) | 0.756 | 0.538 | (0.258 to 1.121) | 0.098 |
| Moderately | 1.159 | (0.578 to 2.324) | 0.677 | 0.641 | (0.315 to 1.303) | 0.219 |
| Poorly | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Tumor stage T4 + T3 (VS. T2 + T1) | 1.091 | (0.583 to 2.042) | 0.785 | 1.359 | (0.715 to 2.585) | 0.350 |
| Lymph node metastasis Positive (VS. Negative) | 2.448 | (1.428 to 4.199) | 0.001 | 1.854 | (1.098 to 3.130) | 0.021 |
| Beclin 1 Low (VS. High ) | 4.235 | (2.382 to 7.528) | 0.000 | 3.420 | (1.936 to 6.042) | 0.000 |