Figure 1. Experimental protocols.

Male C57BL/6J mice were maintained under a 12-h light (white bars)/12-h dark (black bars) cycle. Mice were fasted (dashed lines), and thereafter, i.p. administered the study solution (arrows; exendin-4, exendin-(9–39) or vehicle) and/or fed (gray bars). Arrowheads indicate sampling time points.