Table 2.

Comorbidities of 84 MHD patients in AIONID study

	All (N = 84)	Group A (N = 19)	Group B (N = 22)	Group C (N = 22)	Group D (N = 21)	P value
	(%)	ONS + PTX	ONS	PTX	placebo
Hypertension	16 (19)	3 (16)	3 (14)	5 (23)	5 (24)	0.79
Coronary artery disease	10 (11)	3 (16)	4 (18)	1 (5)	2 (10)	0.50
Coronary artery disease (post-CABG)	3 (4)	0 (0)	1 (5)	0 (0)	2 (10)	0.29
Congestive heart failure	19 (23)	3 (16)	5 (23)	6 (27)	5 (24)	0.85
Cerebrovascular disease	7 (8)	0 (0)	3 (14)	3 (14)	1 (5)	0.30
Peripheral vascular disease	12 (14)	4 (21)	4 (18)	2 (9)	2 (10)	0.60
COPD	11 (13)	3 (16)	5 (23)	2 (9)	1 (5)	0.32
Peptic ulcer	6 (7)	2 (11)	1 (5)	2 (9)	1 (5)	0.84
Moderate to severe liver disease	2 (2)	1 (5)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (5)	0.52
Depression	9 (11)	1 (5)	3 (14)	2 (9)	3 (14)	0.77
Cancer	1 (1)	0 (0)	(0)	0 (0)	1 (5)	0.39
Hepatitis C	7 (8)	2 (11)	0 (0)	2 (9)	3 (14)	0.38
Hepatitis B carrier	1 (1)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (5)	0 (0)	0.41

ONS oral nutrition supplements, consisting of a high (19 g) protein supplement (Nepro®, 8 oz/day) combined with a concentrated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant module (fish oil, borage oil, beta-carotene, vitamins C and E, zinc, and selenium, 2 oz/day); PTX pentoxifylline (400 mg/day). The supplements and pills for the same day and the following day (6 days/week) were provided to the patients during each thrice-weekly hemodialysis treatment; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CABG coronary artery bypass graft