Fig. 3.

Surgical pictures in (a) and (b) showing the placement of the 2-mm shaver dissector through the transpedicular approach in the disc space, used to perform nucleotomy under aspiration. A porous polyurethane (PU) cylinder (arrow in c) was inserted using a 14-G cannula (Bonopty^® Bone Biopsy System, AprioMed, Sweden) at the edge of the bonny tunnel to repair the end-plate and seal the disc space. (d) Representative fluoroscopy image control showing the cannula placed into the traspedicular tunnel during the scaffold positioning (arrow)