Example images from a single RRMS subject: (a) baseline high-resolution T1-weighted MRI, (b) linearly registered follow-up high-resolution T1-weighted MRI, (c) output of SIENAX for baseline MRI with colored gray matter tissue, (d) SIENAX from the follow-up scan, outputs of SPM on baseline MRI (e) and follow-up MRI (f). The surface result of FreeSurfer on baseline MRI (g) and on follow-up MRI (h). Finally, from the Jacobian integration method, the absolute intensity difference maps, (i) = before and (j) = after nonlinear registration, and (k) color-coded Jacobian determinant map where red indicates voxel expansion and blue indicates contraction (range = ± 50%). A marked enlargement is visible in the ventricles and frontal sulcus (red) while overall parenchymal atrophy is visible in cortical gray matter and thalami (blue).