FIG. 1.

Inactivation rates of bacteria contained in spring water in response to variation in the design of SODIS pouches. (A) Impact of major system components on the survival of target organisms when exposed in reflective (Reflect) or absorptive (Absorb) pouches relative to controls protected from sunlight. (B) Impact of minor system components on the survival of E. coli ATCC 25922 in reflective pouches placed within a three-sided cardboard box lined with aluminum foil (Reflective), a comparable box without aluminum foil (Nonreflective), unprotected on the flat surface, or completely covered by a four-sided cardboard box (Control). An additional pouch containing β-carotene was similarly inoculated and placed in the reflective box (Reflective + B-carotene). (C) Reproducibility of the inactivation of four challenge organisms contained in reflective pouches exposed to sunlight (Reflect) or protected beneath a cardboard box (Control). ST, Salmonella serovar Typhimurium; SS, Shigella sonnei; EC, E. coli.