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Induction of Th17 and Th1/Th17 lymphocytes by DCs from patients with RA and SLE. Monocyte derived DCs were cocultured with autologous CD4+ cells for five days in the presence or not of a Th17 polarizing medium (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-21, and TNF-α plus anti-IL-4 and anti-IFN-γ blocking antibodies) or IL-23. Then, cells were immunostained for CD4, IL-17A and IFN-γ and analyzed by flow cytometry. Data correspond to the median and interquartile range of the percent of positive cells. *P < 0.05.
