Table 2.
Adjusted means (95% confidence interval) for warmth and heat pain thresholds, heat pain tolerance, and heat pain ratings at the forearm and knee in healthy controls and individuals with low and high symptomatic knee OA (± 95% CI).
| Controls (N = 107) | Symptomatic Knee OA |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (N = 113) | High (N = 96) | Analysis (Bold if significant) | ||
| Heat Temperatures (°C) † | ||||
| Forearm | ||||
| WTh | 36.1 (35.7, 36.6) | 35.5 (35.1, 35.9) | 35.3 (34.7, 35.8) | F = 2.81, n.s., ηp2 = .02 |
| HPTh | 42.7 (42.1, 43.3) | 42.1 (41.5, 42.6) | 41.4 (40.8, 72.1) | F = 3.19, p = 0.04, ηp2 = .02 |
| HPTo | 46.7 (46.3, 47.1) | 46.3 (45.9, 46.7) | 45.8 (45.4, 46.3) | F = 3.21, p = 0.04, ηp2 = .02 |
| Knee | ||||
| WTh | 36.9 (36.4, 37.5) | 37.1 (36.5, 37.5) | 37.6 (37.1, 38.2) | F = 1.46, n.s., ηp2 = .01 |
| HPTh | 42.2 (41.6, 42.8) | 42.1 (41.6, 42.7) | 41.6 (40.9, 42.3) | F = .71, n.s., ηp2 = .01 |
| HPTo | 46.4 (45.9, 46.8) | 46.2 (45.8, 46.6) | 45.7 (45.2, 46.2) | F = 2.23, n.s., ηp2 = .01 |
| VAS Intensity Ratings‡* | ||||
| Forearm | ||||
| HPTh | 19.6 (15.3, 23.9)a | 17.9 (13.8. 22.1)b | 27.6 (22.8, 32.5) | F = 4.62, p = .011, ηp2 = .04 |
| HPTo | 52.5 (46.8, 58.2) | 50.9 (45.4, 56.4)b | 63.4 (56.9, 69.9) | F = 4.31, p = .015, ηp2 = .04 |
| Knee | ||||
| HPTh | 19.5 (14.7, 23.0) a | 18.9 (14.7, 23.0)b | 28.6 (23.6, 33.5) | F = 4.68, p = .01, ηp2 = .04 |
| HPTo | 56.7 (50.7, 62.7) | 53.9 (48.1, 59.9) | 64.9 (58.0, 71.8) | F = 2.8, p = .07, ηp2 = .02 |
Group comparisons
Significant group difference between the control and high symptomatic knee OA groups (p < .01, Bonferroni)
Significant group difference compared between the low and high symptomatic knee OA groups (p < .01, Bonferroni)
Covariates for adjusted analysis
Controlling for race (0 = NHW, 1 = AA), study site (0 = UF, 1 = UAB), age, widespread pain (0 = No, 1 = Yes), gender (0 = Female, 1 = Male), and testing sequence (0 = Thermal First, 1 = Pressure First) as a covariates
Abbreviations
Warmth Thresholds, WTh; Heat Pain Thresholds, HPTh; Heat Pain Tolerance, HPTo, Visual Analog Scale, VAS
Additional notes related to data analysis
Analysis completed with 92 control, 81 low symptomatic OA, and 76 high symptomatic OA participants