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Citric acid production by A. niger in the presence of 10 or 1,000 ppb of manganese. A. niger was cultured under citric acid-producing conditions with 10 and 1,000 ppb of Mn2+. The conidia (106 conidia/ml) were inoculated into 50 ml of CAP medium in 250-ml baffled flasks and incubated at 30°C and shaken at 250 rpm. The samples were harvested at different time points after 2 days of growth. Data are means of determinations from at least three independent fermentations.
