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. 2013 May 31;2(4):553–565. doi: 10.1002/mbo3.93

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© 2013 Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.

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The Escherichia coli-based ex vivo reporter assay system using green fluorescent protein (GFP). Plasmids introduced into E. coli cells are shown above the relevant images. After P_T7 promoter induction by Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) treatment, GFP fluorescence was examined in each E. coli cell by fluorescence microscopy. E. coli cells containing pACYC-P_T7(GFP) or pACYC-P_rrnB(GFP) alone were used as positive or negative controls, respectively (left and right panels). FL, fluorescence; BF, bright field. Scale bar = 25 μm. GFP fluorescence was observed in E. coli containing pET-P_T7(RpoD) plus pACYC-P_rrnB(GFP) and pET-P_T7(FliA) plus pACYC-P_rrnB(GFP) (middle panels), suggesting that this system was successful in assaying for σ factor expression.