Table 1.

Cytological, morphological and fruit quality parameters of diploid and allotriploid donors and the induced-autopolyploid lines

	Hylocereus	Autotetraploid	Allotriploid	Autohexaploid
Parameter	monacanthus	D-27	S-75	D-2.3
Cytological parameters
Estimated ploidy level	2n	4n	3n	6n
Genome size (pg ±SE)	4.2 ±0.1	8.0 ±0.4*	5.9 ±0.3	13.7 ±0.1*
Stomata diameter (µm ±SE)	53.1 ±0.2	56.0 ±0.2*	63.7 ±0.3	69.0 ±0.3*
Stomata density (±SE)	13.6 ±0.3	12.6 ±0.3*	9.4 ±0.2	8.1 ±0.2*
Number of ovules (±SE)	5036 ±159	3408 ±185*	3530 ±107	3472 ±187
Pollen grain size (µm ±SE)	84.9 ±0.2	107.9 ±0.4*	97.6 ±0.6	122.7 ±0.5*
Pollen stainability (% ±SE)	97.1 ±0.2	86.6 ±1.4*	11.1 ±0.7	52.2 ±4.8*
Tetrads (% ±SE)	99.8 ±0.2	78.3 ±2.4*	74.6 ±0.4	30.3 ±3.9*
Polyads (% ±SE)	0.0 ±0.0	18.9 ±2.2*	9.0 ±2.3	61.1 ±2.7*
Triads (% ±SE)	0.0 ±0.0	2.8 ±0.7*	16.0 ±2.1	6.5 ±1.1*
Dyads (% ±SE)	0.2 ±0.2	0.0 ±0.2	0.3 ±0.2	0.7 ±0.2
Monads (% ±SE)	0.0 ±0.0	0.0 ±0.2	0.1 ±0.1	1.4 ±0.5*
Morphological parameters
Fruit weight (gr ±SE)	333 ±17	267 ±18*	195 ±11	89 ±14*
Peel weight (gr ±SE)	158 ±9	138 ±9	77 ±4	47 ±5*
Flesh weight (gr ±SE)	175 ±10	129 ±10*	118 ±8	42 ±9*
Flesh/Peel ratio (±SE)	1.14 ±0.05	0.95 ±0.08	1.53 ±0.06	0.85 ±0.11*
Black-coat seed number (±SE)	3263 ±201	2190 ±258*	1681 ±113	295 ±37*
Brown-coat seed number (±SE)	0	0	569 ±79	371 ±71
Black-coat seed weight (mg ±SE)	2.57 ±0.02	2.92 ±0.04*	3.86 ±0.06	2.29 ±0.05*
Seed germination (% ±SE)	89 ±1.4	81 ±2.3*	50 ±2.7	30 ±2.5*
Fruit quality parameters
pH (±SE)	3.59 ±0.05	3.33 ±0.06	3.36 ±0.06	2.72 ±0.04*
TSS (% ±SE)	14.1 ±0.31	13.8 ±0.10	16.2 ±0.30	13.6 ±0.30*
Water content (% ±SE)	83.51 ±0.6	84.12 ±0.3	83.46 ±0.1	84.70 ±0.1

*represent statistical significance differences between each of the induced-autopolyploid line to its respective donor line. Statistical analysis was calculated according to the Student’s t-test analysis, P ≤ 0.05. TSS, total soluble solids.