Table 1.
In Vitro Co-culture Models.
| Study | Osteogenic Cell | Vasculogenic Cell | Culture Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Villars et al (89) | bmMSC | HUVEC | 2D |
| Laranjeira MS et al (90) | bmMSC | HMVEC | 2D |
| Wang J et al (91) | AdSC | HUVEC | 2D |
| Stahl A et al (92) | Osteoblasts | HUVEC | 2D |
| Hager S et al (93) | Osteoblasts | HUVEC | 2D |
| Xue Y et al (94) | bmMSC | HUVEC | 2D |
| Guillotin B et al (95) | bmMSC | HUVEC | 2D |
| Leszczynska J et al (96) | bmMSC | HUVEC | 2D |
| Steiner D et al (97) | bmMSC/Osteoblasts | HUVEC | 2D |
| Kaigler D et al (98) | bmMSC | HMVEC | 2D |
| Grellier M et al (99) | bmMSC | HUVEC | 2D |
| Dohle E et al (100) | Osteoblasts | EPC | 2D |
| Hoch AI et al (101) | bmMSC | EPC | 2D/Matrigel coatings |
| Bidarra SJ et al (102) | bmMSC | HUVEC | 2D |
| Ma J et al (103) | bmMSC | HUVEC | 2D/3D Cell Pellets |
| Kolbe M et al (104) | bmMSC | EPC | 2D Fibronectin coatings |
| Pedersen TO et al (105) | bmMSC | HUVEC | 2D |
| Thébaud NB et al (106) | bmMSC | HUVECs/EPC | 2D |
| Saleh FA et al (107) | bmMSC | HUVEC | 3D Spheroid |
| Santos MI et al (108) | Osteoblasts | HMVEC | PCL scaffolds |
| Kang Y et al (109) | bmMSC | HUVEC | β-TCP scaffolds |
| Nukavarapu SP et al (110) | bmMSC | EPC | PLGA scaffolds |
| Choong CSN et al (86) | bmMSC | bmEC | PCL scaffolds |
| Buschmann J et al (111) | Osteoblasts | Thoracic artery EC | PEU scaffolds |
Abbreviations: bmMSC – bone marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells; AdSC – Adiposed-derived Stem Cells; HUVEC – Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; HMVEC – Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells; EPC – Endothelial Progenitor Cells; bmEC – bone marrow Endothelial Cells; EC – endothelial cells; 2D – Two-Dimensional; 3D – Three-Dimensional; PCL – polycaprolactone; β-TCP - Beta-tricalcium phosphate; PLGA - Poly(lactide-co-glycolide); PEU - polyester-urethane