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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2013 Oct;15(10):10.1007/s11920-013-0401-4. doi: 10.1007/s11920-013-0401-4

Table 1.

Adapted 3P Model of Insomnia for Combat Exposed Military Personnel.

Predisposing Precipitating Perpetuation

  • Adverse childhood events

  • Pre-military/deployment sleep problems and patterns

  • Deployment

  • Combat exposure

  • Shift work/irregular scheduling

  • Hyper-vigilance

  • Nightmares

  • Energy drink consumption

  • PTSD/Psychopathology

  • Sleep schedule adjustment

  • Unemployment/financial stress

  • Family responsibilities

  • Coping mechanisms: alcohol/substance use