Table 1.
Processes of Change for Increasing Fruit and Vegetable (FV) Consumption
| Process of Change | Description | Sample Item (“How Often Did…”) |
|---|---|---|
| Experiential processes | ||
| Consciousness raising (CR) | Raising awareness of the need to eat more FV | …you read about eating more vegetables and fruits? |
| Environmental reevalutaion (ER) | Assessing how one’s FV intake affects others. | …you think that eating more fruits and vegetables would make you a better role model? |
| Dramatic relief (DR) | Experiencing and expressing feelings about not eating enough FV. | …you become disturbed when you considered how eating too few fruits and vegetables can have a bad effect on your health? |
| Self reevaluation (SR) | Reappraising how one feels about oneself with respect to eating FV. | …you feel you’re taking responsibility for your health when you eat fruits and vegetables? |
| Social liberation (SO) | Considering the impact of the environment or others on one’s ability to eat FV. | …you become aware that more people are making fruits and vegetables available at events? |
| Behavioral processes | ||
| Counterconditioning (CC) | Substituting FV for less healthy foods. | …you have fruit instead of sweets for dessert? |
| Helping relationships (HR) | Being open about the problem with someone who cares. | …someone support you in your decision to eat more vegetables and fruits? |
| Reinforcement management (RM) | Being rewarded by self or others for making changes. | …your family praises you for eating fruits and vegetables? |
| Self-liberation (SL) | Choosing and committing to act with regard to eating more FV. | …you make a promise to yourself to eat more vegetables and fruits? |
| Stimulus control (SC) | Using cues to promote eating FV. | …you remind yourself to have vegetables and fruits for snacks? |
| Interpersonal systems control (IP) | Seeking out others who promote eating FV or avoiding those who discourage eating FV. | …you spend time with people who encouraged you to eat more vegetables and fruits? |
| Planning ahead (PA) | Being proactive about situations that facilitate eating enough FV. | …you plan your meals in advance so you’re able to eat more vegetables and fruits? |