Table 3.
Mean (M) Transtheoretical Model Variable Scores Those Who “Successfully” Progressed from Precontemplation to Contemplation or Preparation Versus “Unsuccessfully” Remained in Precontemplation*, †
| Variable | 0 months–6 months Unsuccessful (n = 97) |
Successful (n = 43) | p | 6–12 months Unsuccessful (n = 73) |
Successful (n = 33) | p-value | 12–18 months Unsuccessful (n = 68) |
Successful (n = 28) | p-value | 18–24 months Unsuccessful (n = 61) |
Successful (n = 38) | p-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |||||
| Self-efficacy | 2.99 | 0.94 | 3.00 | 0.81 | 0.944 | 3.33 | 1.01 | 3.12 | 0.97 | 0.318 | 3.32 | 0.98 | 3.15 | 1.16 | 0.477 | 3.35 | 0.98 | 3.25 | 0.83 | 0.627 |
| Pros | 3.53 | 1.11 | 3.99 | 0.72 | 0.005 | 3.43 | 1.09 | 4.01 | 0.93 | 0.009 | 3.36 | 1.14 | 4.14 | 0.86 | 0.002 | 3.49 | 1.03 | 3.78 | 1.03 | 0.178 |
| Cons | 1.79 | 0.85 | 1.81 | 0.73 | 0.893 | 1.80 | 0.76 | 1.91 | 0.77 | 0.503 | 1.70 | 0.68 | 1.85 | 0.90 | 0.379 | 1.66 | 0.76 | 1.67 | 0.67 | 0.919 |
| EXP | 2.55 | 0.93 | 3.05 | 0.89 | 0.003 | 2.40 | 0.91 | 3.07 | 0.95 | 0.001 | 2.40 | 0.85 | 3.00 | 0.78 | 0.002 | 2.57 | 0.93 | 2.83 | 0.84 | 0.156 |
| CR | 2.13 | 1.02 | 2.68 | 1.24 | 0.007 | 1.96 | 0.88 | 2.80 | 1.11 | <0.001 | 2.05 | 0.92 | 2.58 | 0.96 | 0.013 | 2.15 | 0.95 | 2.35 | 0.94 | 0.313 |
| DR | 2.19 | 1.04 | 2.66 | 1.12 | 0.017 | 2.18 | 0.99 | 2.87 | 1.11 | 0.002 | 2.13 | 0.97 | 2.62 | 0.98 | 0.027 | 2.26 | 0.96 | 2.54 | 1.00 | 0.166 |
| ER | 2.63 | 1.21 | 3.33 | 1.13 | 0.002 | 2.49 | 1.18 | 3.29 | 1.01 | 0.001 | 2.45 | 1.08 | 3.21 | 1.13 | 0.002 | 2.65 | 1.18 | 2.98 | 1.12 | 0.169 |
| SR | 2.97 | 1.16 | 3.43 | 0.87 | 0.011 | 2.79 | 1.08 | 3.49 | 1.04 | 0.002 | 2.80 | 1.06 | 3.61 | 0.83 | 0.001 | 3.04 | 1.09 | 3.39 | 0.93 | 0.111 |
| SO | 2.69 | 1.14 | 3.04 | 1.06 | 0.095 | 2.57 | 1.09 | 2.88 | 1.09 | 0.179 | 2.55 | 1.04 | 2.95 | 0.85 | 0.074 | 2.73 | 1.10 | 2.89 | 0.95 | 0.454 |
| BEH | 2.24 | 0.77 | 2.79 | 0.81 | <0.001 | 2.23 | 0.83 | 2.57 | 0.81 | 0.049 | 2.25 | 0.78 | 2.70 | 0.66 | 0.009 | 2.33 | 0.74 | 2.44 | 0.75 | 0.461 |
| CC | 2.70 | 0.95 | 3.09 | 1.05 | 0.029 | 2.72 | 1.11 | 3.14 | 1.04 | 0.070 | 2.80 | 1.05 | 3.15 | 0.86 | 0.123 | 2.80 | 1.02 | 2.96 | 0.95 | 0.416 |
| HR | 2.26 | 1.06 | 2.87 | 1.14 | 0.003 | 2.22 | 1.14 | 2.29 | 1.19 | 0.776 | 2.19 | 0.99 | 2.52 | 1.06 | 0.145 | 2.19 | 1.02 | 2.26 | 1.07 | 0.738 |
| RM | 1.71 | 0.87 | 2.36 | 1.14 | 0.002 | 1.75 | 0.89 | 2.00 | 1.05 | 0.216 | 1.63 | 0.86 | 2.04 | 0.98 | 0.045 | 1.78 | 0.92 | 1.82 | 0.91 | 0.834 |
| SC | 2.08 | 0.92 | 2.50 | 1.08 | 0.018 | 2.05 | 0.92 | 2.41 | 0.89 | 0.057 | 2.21 | 0.86 | 2.51 | 1.01 | 0.137 | 2.21 | 0.81 | 2.42 | 0.93 | 0.231 |
| SL | 2.43 | 1.07 | 3.13 | 0.89 | <0.001 | 2.41 | 1.12 | 3.01 | 0.94 | 0.009 | 2.45 | 1.06 | 3.30 | 0.90 | <0.001 | 2.68 | 1.08 | 2.75 | 0.99 | 0.724 |
Transtheoretical Model variables at the first time point were used to predict successful versus unsuccessful stage transitions. Data analyzed by t-tests.
Significant findings are those that met the Bonferroni-adjusted p-value of <0.001 based on 60 comparisons (15 variables by four stage transition periods).
M, mean; SD, standard deviation; EXP, BEH, the aggregates of experiential (EXP) and behavioral (BEH) processes; CR, consciousness raising; DR, dramatic relief; ER, environmental reevaluation; SR, self-reevalution; SO, social liberation; CC, counterconditioning; HR, helping relationships; RM, reinforcement management; SC, stimulus control; SL, self-liberation.