Figure 8. Capsaicin increases TJ permeability as measured by the paracellular passage of ionic and non-ionic compounds.

(A,B,D) MDCK cells were seeded on transwells and grown for 3 days to develop monolayers. Paracellular fluxes of CF (A), FD4 (B), and insulin (D) were measured in the apical to basolateral direction. All measurements were in triplicates (n = 3) and representative data are shown. (C) Effects of 300 µM capsaicin, 1 mg/ml C₁₀, 0.1 µM LatA on the P_app of molecules across MDCK monolayers. P_app was calculated from the above data. ^aEach value represents the mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments. ^bEnhancement ratio calculated as P_app(sample)/P_app(control).