Table 2.
Association between maternal use of antidepressants during pregnancy, autism spectrum disorder, and childhood autism in the child, compared with children who were not exposed
| AD exposure | Number | Person years at risk | Autism spectrum disorder n (%) | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HRa (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autism spectrum disorder | |||||
| Exposed to AD | 8,833 | 65,234 | 104 (1.2) | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) |
| Exposed to SSRI | 7,506 | 55,015 | 91 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.5–2.4) | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) |
| Exposed to SNRI | 673 | 4,463 | 7 (1.0) | 1.9 (0.9–4.0) | 1.7 (0.8–3.5) |
| Exposed to TCA | 642 | 5,387 | 9 (1.4) | 1.8 (0.95–3.5) | 1.5 (0.8–2.9) |
| Not exposed to AD | 646,782 | 5,733,033 | 5,333 (0.8) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
|
| |||||
| AD exposure | Number | Person years at risk | Childhood autism n (%) | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HRa(95% CI) |
|
| |||||
| Childhood autism | |||||
| Exposed to AD | 8,833 | 65,390 | 37 (0.4) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) |
| Exposed to SSRI | 7,506 | 55,142 | 34 (0.5) | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) |
| Exposed to SNRI | 673 | 4,481 | 1 (0.1) | NA | NA |
| Exposed to TCA | 642 | 5,407 | 2 (0.3) | NA | NA |
| Not exposed to AD | 646,782 | 5,743,343 | 2,030 (0.3) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
Notes:
a
Hazard ratios were adjusted for maternal age at conception, paternal age at conception, parental psychiatric history (except maternal affective disorder), gestational age, birth weight, sex, and parity.
Abbreviations: AD, antidepressant drugs; HR, hazard ratio; n, number; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SNRI, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; TCA, tricyclic antidepressants; ref, reference; NA, not applicable; CI, confidence interval.