Table 4.
Association between the use of antidepressants in fathers during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder and childhood autism in the child in comparison with children of fathers not using antidepressants during pregnancy
| AD exposure | Number | Person-years at risk | Autism spectrum disorder n (%) | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HRa (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autism spectrum disorder | |||||
| Exposed to AD | 11,388 | 88,921 | 100 (0.9) | 1.3 (1.04–1.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
| Exposed to SSRI | 7,536 | 59,335 | 76 (1.0) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.3 (1.002–1.6) |
| Exposed to SNRI | 1,065 | 7,718 | 9 (0.8) | 1.3 (0.7–2.6) | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) |
| Exposed to TCA | 1,397 | 11,839 | 8 (0.6) | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) |
| Not exposed to AD | 630,136 | 5,587,702 | 5,154 (0.8) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
|
| |||||
| AD exposure | Number | Person-years at risk | Childhood autism number (%) | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HRa(95% CI) |
|
| |||||
| Childhood autism | |||||
| Exposed to AD | 11,388 | 89,108 | 40 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) |
| Exposed to SSRI | 7,536 | 59,485 | 28 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) |
| Exposed to SNRI | 1,065 | 7,733 | 4 (0.4) | NA | NA |
| Exposed to TCA | 1,397 | 11,845 | 5 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.5–2.8) | 1.0 (0.4–2.4) |
| Not exposed to AD | 630,136 | 5,597,647 | 1,959 (0.3) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
Notes:
a
Hazard ratios were adjusted for maternal age at conception, paternal age at conception, parental psychiatric history (except paternal affective disorder), gestational age, birth weight, sex, and parity.
Abbreviations: AD, antidepressant drugs; HR, hazard ratio; n, number; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SNRI, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; TCA, tricyclic antidepressants; NA, not applicable; ref, reference; CI, confidence interval.