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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Heart Rhythm. 2013 Jul 5;10(10):10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.07.003. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.07.003

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Apamin effect on action potential duration (APD) at different pacing cycle lengths (PCLs) in failing hearts. A. Representative membrane potential (Vm) traces and APD80 maps at baseline and in the presence of apamin 100 nmol/l. The magnitude of APD prolongation was more prominent at long PCLs than at physiologic PCLs. B. Apamin significantly prolonged APD80 at all PCLs, and the prolongation was more prominent at longer PCLs. C. A plot of ΔAPD80 ratio ((APD80 after apamin − APD80 at baseline)/APD80 at baseline) versus PCL shows that apamin prolonged APD80 by around 50% at PCL 1000 ms but only by 10% at PCL 200 ms. *, p < 0.05; †, p < 0.01; ‡, p < 0.001.