Table 2. Sequences matching microbes, and a mite, associated with F. exsecta, identified from GenBank BLAST searches.
Function | Kingdom | Phyla | Genus | Expressionvalue | Description |
Intracellular | Virus | Discistovirus | Dicistrovirus | 4945.261 | Similar to IAPV, ABPV and KBV in honey bees (Apis mellifera). |
Iflavirus | Iflavirus | 2984.429 | Similar to DWV in honey bees. | ||
Bacteria | Proteobacteria | Wolbachia_978 | 321.331 | Obligate endoparasite, widespread in arthropods, including F. exsecta. | |
Proteobacteria | Wolbachia_416 | 3510.295 | A second strain of Wolbachia, known from previous studies on Formica ants. | ||
Fungi* | Microsporidia | Encephalitozoon | 17.902 | Unicellular parasites, related microsporidians (Nosema spp.) cause infection in bees. | |
Fungi | Basidimycota | Cryptococcus ∧ | 9.771 | Some members of this genus are parasitic – their effect on insects (if any) is unknown | |
(Likely) Extracellular | Bacteria | Proteobacteria | Acidiphilium | 8147.115 | Acidophile, widespread in soils. |
Actinobacteria | Rhodococcus | 7949.379 | Generalist soil genus. | ||
Fungi | Ascomycota | Aspergillus ∧ | 41.899 | Pervasive in the environment, including indoor air, some opportunistic pathogens | |
Penicillium | 110.729 | ||||
Neurospora | 2888.620 | ||||
Gibberella | 11.147 | Environmental, inlcuding plant pathogens | |||
Podospora | 5.751 | Plant pathogen | |||
Eremothecium | 26.331 | ||||
Yarrowia | 28.028 | ||||
Basidiomycota | Ustilago | 5.080 | |||
Animalia | Arthropoda | Varroa | 64.196 | Varroa destructor, mite well known from honey bees | |
Unknown | Fungi | Ascomycota (yeast) | Candida | 3.144 | Often found as symbionts in insects, including ants. Common and diverse in soils. |
Saccharomyces | 2.606 | ||||
Scizosaccharomyces | 4.035 | ||||
Zygosaccaromyces | 4.582 | ||||
Kluyveromyces ** ∧ | 56.651 | ||||
Naumovozyma | 4.658 | ||||
Tetrapisispora | 2781.217 | ||||
Torulaspora | 48.677 |
Total expression value represents the combined expression value for all ages and castes, from both FIMM and BGI data.
Intracellular microbes are known parasites or have at least one stage of their lifecycle inside the host. Extracellular microbes do not usually have lifecycles within hosts, but can in some cases be opportunistic pathogens. Unknown is used for yeast, these are pervasive in environments that contain moisture and carbohydrate sources, and may form symbiotic relationships with ants in their guts, or they can grow in the nest material, or be carried in via aphid dew that ants feed on. IAPV = Israel Acute Paralysis Virus, Acute Bee Paralysis Virus, KBV = Kashmir Bee Virus, DVW = deformed wing virus.
current classification.
Some Kluyveromyces are teleomorphs of Candida.
Fungi that gave hits on both common and species specific genes in GenBank.