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. 2013 Nov 18;8(11):e79777. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079777

Table 2. Sequences matching microbes, and a mite, associated with F. exsecta, identified from GenBank BLAST searches.

Function Kingdom Phyla Genus Expressionvalue Description
Intracellular Virus Discistovirus Dicistrovirus 4945.261 Similar to IAPV, ABPV and KBV in honey bees (Apis mellifera).
Iflavirus Iflavirus 2984.429 Similar to DWV in honey bees.
Bacteria Proteobacteria Wolbachia_978 321.331 Obligate endoparasite, widespread in arthropods, including F. exsecta.
Proteobacteria Wolbachia_416 3510.295 A second strain of Wolbachia, known from previous studies on Formica ants.
Fungi* Microsporidia Encephalitozoon 17.902 Unicellular parasites, related microsporidians (Nosema spp.) cause infection in bees.
Fungi Basidimycota Cryptococcus 9.771 Some members of this genus are parasitic – their effect on insects (if any) is unknown
(Likely) Extracellular Bacteria Proteobacteria Acidiphilium 8147.115 Acidophile, widespread in soils.
Actinobacteria Rhodococcus 7949.379 Generalist soil genus.
Fungi Ascomycota Aspergillus 41.899 Pervasive in the environment, including indoor air, some opportunistic pathogens
Penicillium 110.729
Neurospora 2888.620
Gibberella 11.147 Environmental, inlcuding plant pathogens
Podospora 5.751 Plant pathogen
Eremothecium 26.331
Yarrowia 28.028
Basidiomycota Ustilago 5.080
Animalia Arthropoda Varroa 64.196 Varroa destructor, mite well known from honey bees
Unknown Fungi Ascomycota (yeast) Candida 3.144 Often found as symbionts in insects, including ants. Common and diverse in soils.
Saccharomyces 2.606
Scizosaccharomyces 4.035
Zygosaccaromyces 4.582
Kluyveromyces ** 56.651
Naumovozyma 4.658
Tetrapisispora 2781.217
Torulaspora 48.677

Total expression value represents the combined expression value for all ages and castes, from both FIMM and BGI data.

Intracellular microbes are known parasites or have at least one stage of their lifecycle inside the host. Extracellular microbes do not usually have lifecycles within hosts, but can in some cases be opportunistic pathogens. Unknown is used for yeast, these are pervasive in environments that contain moisture and carbohydrate sources, and may form symbiotic relationships with ants in their guts, or they can grow in the nest material, or be carried in via aphid dew that ants feed on. IAPV = Israel Acute Paralysis Virus, Acute Bee Paralysis Virus, KBV = Kashmir Bee Virus, DVW = deformed wing virus.

*

current classification.

**

Some Kluyveromyces are teleomorphs of Candida.

Fungi that gave hits on both common and species specific genes in GenBank.