Table 1. Summary of previous studies of attentional bias in OCD.
| Study | Participants | Paradigm | Comorbidities | No. of medicated individuals |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive patient studies | ||||
| Foa et al. (1993) | 23 OCD (washers); 10 OCD (other); 14 HC | Stroop | n/a | n/a |
| Lavy et al. (1994) | 33 OCD; 29 HC | Stroop | n/a | n/a |
| Tata et al. (1996) | 13 OCD; 18 HTA HC; 26 LTA HC | Dot probe | n/a | n/a |
| Unoki et al. (1999) | 14 OCD; 28 HC | Stroop | n/a | 12 |
| Moritz et al. (2009) | 42 OCD; 31 HC | Spatial cueing | Depression and anxiety disorders | 31 |
| Rao et al. (2010) | 50 OCD (26 remitted); 50 HC | Stroop | None | 44 |
| Negative patient studies | ||||
| McNally et al. (1992) | 24 OCD; 24 PD; 24 HC | Stroop | n/a | n/a |
| McNally et al. (1994) | 16 OCD; 16 PD; 16 HC | Stroop | n/a | n/a |
| Kyrios & Iob (1998) | 15 OCD; 15 HC | Stroop | Depression | n/a |
| McNeil et al. (1999) | 26 OCD; 17 PTSD; 18 MDD | Stroop | None | None |
| Kampman et al. (2002) | 20 OCD; 20 PD, 20HC | Stroop | n/a | n/a |
| Moritz et al. (2004) | 35 OCD; 20 HC | Stroop | Depression and anxiety disorders | 16 |
| Van de Heuvel et al. (2005) | 16 OCD; 15 PD; 13 Hch; 19 HC | Stroop | None | None |
| Moritz et al. (2008) | 23 OCD; 23 HC | Stroop | Depression and anxiety disorders | 15 |
| Moritz & von Muhlenen (2008) | 28 OCD; 27 HC | Spatial cueing | Depression and anxiety disorders | 22 |
| Harkness et al. (2009) | 18 OCD (checkers); 13 HC | Dot probe | n/a | n/a |
| Siznio da Victoria et al. (2012) | 48 OCD; 24 HC | Attentional bias task | n/a | 48 |
| Positive sub-clinical studiesa | ||||
| Novara & Sanavio (2001) | 21 HSHI; 31 LSHI (PI-R, checking subscale)b | Stroop | n/a | n/a |
| Amir at al. (2009) | 23 HSHI; 24 LSHI (MOCI) | Dot probe | n/a | n/a |
| Armstrong et al. (2010) | 23 HSHI; LSHI (PI-R, contamination subscale) | Gaze during free viewing | n/a | n/a |
| Cisler & Olatunji (2010) | 23 HSHI; 28 LSHI (PI-R, contamination subscale) | Spatial cueing | n/a | n/a |
| Armstrong et al. (2012) | 19 HSHI; 20 LSHI (PI-R, contamination subscale) | Gaze during free viewing | n/a | n/a |
OCD, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; HC, healthy control; HTA, High Trait Anxiety; LTA, Low Trait Anxiety; PD, Panic Disorder; PTSD, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; Hch, Hypochondriac; HSHI, High Scoring Healthy Individual; LSHI, Low Scoring Healthy Individual; MDD, Major Depressive Disorder; MOCI, Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory; PI-R, Padua Inventory-Revised; n/a, not available.
a The following studies were conducted in groups of healthy controls classified according to their score on self-reported scales commonly used to measure obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
b TData are Groups (Subscale) or as otherwise indicated.