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. 2013 Nov 19;3:80. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00080

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Copyright © 2013 Caza and Kronstad.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schemes for ferrous iron uptake. The Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis uses the YfeABCD proteins and the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis uses the EfeUOB complex to accomplish ferrous iron uptake. A comparable process is shown for the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. This pathogen used the Cfo1-Cft1 multicopper oxidase-iron permease complex, the cell wall pigment melanin, and the secreted reductant 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid to perform reduction and ferrous iron uptake. Note that ferrous iron is oxidized by Cfo1 prior to transport into the cell by Cft1. Physiological evidence for an additional low affinity transport system for ferrous iron has been presented for C. neoformans and this is indicated by a question mark (Jacobson et al., 1998). Additional details for each system are provided in the text.