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Laser capture microdissection (LCM) to harvest mucosa-associated microbes (×400). a By Alcian blue and nuclear fast red staining, the mucus layer (blue) is clearly different from mucosal epithelial cells (pink). b Mucosa-associated microbes are separated by LCM. c 16S rRNA gene PCR and T-RFLP analysis shows that representative microbes are collected by LCM from human colon mucosa. Richness (r) and evenness (e) were calculated based on the number and height of peaks in each profile
