Table 3.
Correlates of Reported Job Turnover Due to Discriminationa
| Characteristic | n/Nb(%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 29/309 (9.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Non-Hispanic black | 25/85 (29.4) | 4.02 (2.2–7.4) | 3.94 (2.1–7.5) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 17/72 (23.6) | 2.98 (1.5–5.8) | 2.90 (1.4–5.9) |
| Non-Hispanic other | 5/24 (20.8) | 5.54 (0.9–7.3) | 2.21 (0.7–7.2) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 6/30 (20.0) | 2.41 (0.9–6.4) | 2.57 (0.95–7.0) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 44/344 (12.8) | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 30/137 (21.9) | 1.91 (1.1–3.2) | 1.96 (1.1–3.4) |
| Sexual orientation | |||
| Heterosexual | 76/489 (15.5) | Reference | - |
| Bisexual/homosexual | 4/26 (15.4) | 0.99 (0.3–2.9) | |
| Nativity | |||
| US born | 56/397 (14.1) | Reference | - |
| Non-US born | 26/123 (21.1) | 1.63 (0.97–2.7) | |
| Age | |||
| ≤40 | 16/102 (15.7) | Reference | Reference |
| 41–49 | 17/136 (12.5) | 0.77 (0.4–1.6) | 0.86 (0.39–1.90) |
| 50–59 | 31/168 (18.5) | 1.22 (0.6–2.4) | 1.40 (0.68–2.88) |
| 60–69 | 15/81 (18.5) | 1.22 (0.6–2.6) | 1.81 (0.78–4.17) |
| ≥70 | 3/33 (9.1) | 0.54 (0.1–2.0) | 0.97 (0.25–3.81) |
| Religious affiliation | |||
| Protestantism | 26/181 (14.4) | Reference | - |
| Catholicism | 19/115 (16.51) | 1.18 (0.6–2.2) | |
| No affiliation | 15/87 (17.2) | 1.24 (0.6–2.5) | |
| Judaism | 5/55 (9.1) | 0.6 (0.2–1.6) | |
| Hinduism | 5/22 (22.7) | 1.75 (0.6–5.2) | |
| Islam | 4/16 (25.0) | 1.9 (0.6–6.6) | |
| Other | 8/41 (19.5) | 1.44 (0.6–3.5) | |
| Specialty | |||
| Primary care specialties | 32/179 (17.9) | Reference | - |
| Surgical subspecialties | 11/69 (15.9) | 0.87 (0.4–1.8) | |
| Internal medicine subspecialties | 7/64 (10.9) | 0.56 (0.2–1.4) | |
| Ob/gyn or ob/gyn subspecialties | 3/35 (8.6) | 0.43 (0.1–1.5) | |
| General surgery | 3/15 (20.0) | 1.2 (0.3–4.3) | |
| Pediatric subspecialties | 1/10 (10.0) | 0.51 (0.1–4.2) | |
| Other | 25/148 (16.9) | 0.93 (0.5–1.7) | |
| Medical school location | |||
| United States or Canada | 61/415 (14.7) | Reference | - |
| Outside the United States or Canada | 20/5 04 (19.2) | 1.38 (0.8–2.4) | |
| Board certification | |||
| Yes | 66/431 (15.1) | Reference | - |
| No | 16/88 (18.2) | 1.23 (0.7–2.2) |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
a
At least 1 voluntary or involuntary separation from a job since completion of medical training because of discrimination.
b
Numbers may not sum to total due to missing data.