Table 4.
Mode of delivery and obstetric data among teenage women with singleton births in the period 1992–2010
| |
Age groups |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
All teenagers |
< 16 years |
16-17 years |
18-19 years |
||||
| Characteristics | Crude | Adjusted† | Crude | Adjusted† | Crude | Adjusted† | Crude | Adjusted† |
| Spontaneous onset delivery |
1.23 (1.19-1.27) |
1.17 (1.13-1.21) |
1.00 (0.78-1.28) |
0.92 (0.72-1.18) |
1.27 (1.17-1.38) |
1.18 (1.09-1.28) |
1.22 (1.17-1.27) |
1.17 (1.13-1.22) |
| Induced delivery |
0.90 (0.86-0.93) |
0.92 (0.88-0.96) |
0.93 (0.68-1.29) |
0.95 (0.69-1.32) |
0.86 (0.78-0.95) |
0.91 (0.82-1.00) |
0.90 (0.86-0.95) |
0.92 (0.88-0.97) |
| Normal vaginal delivery |
1.29 (1.25-1.33) |
1.70 (1.64-1.75) |
1.18 (0.92-1.51) |
1.61 (1.26-2.06) |
1.34 (1.25-1.45) |
1.80 (1.66-1.94) |
1.28 (1.23-1.33) |
1.67 (1.61-1.74) |
| Forceps |
0.88 (0.73-1.06) |
0.56 (0.46-0.68) |
0.99 (0.25-3.98) |
0.67 (0.17-2.68) |
0.57 (0.33-0.98) |
0.34 (0.19-0.60) |
0.95 (0.78-1.17) |
0.61 (0.50-0.76) |
| Vacuum extraction |
0.91 (0.87-0.95) |
0.59 (0.56-0.62) |
0.86 (0.59-1.25) |
0.50 (0.34-0.74) |
0.88 (0.78-0.98) |
0.54 (0.49-0.61) |
0.92 (0.87-0.97) |
0.60 (0.57-0.63) |
| CS, all |
0.71 (0.69-0.75) |
0.61 (0.58-0.64) |
0.85 (0.63-1.16) |
0.65 (0.47-0.88) |
0.70 (0.63-0.77) |
0.58 (0.52-0.64) |
0.72 (0.68-0.75) |
0.61 (0.58-0.64) |
| CS elective 1999-2010‡ |
0.55 (0.50-0.61) |
0.57 (0.51-0.63) |
1.74 (1.11-2.73) |
1.54 (0.96-2.48) |
0.52 (0.41-0.66) |
0.52 (0.41-0.67) |
0.54 (0.48-0.60) |
0.56 (0.50-0.63) |
| CS acute 1999-2010‡ |
0.79 (0.73-0.84) |
0.62 (0.58-0.67) |
0.73 (0.42-1.27) |
0.47 (0.27-0.83) |
0.83 (0.72-1.07) |
0.64 (0.55-0.75) |
0.78 (0.72-0.84) |
0.62 (0.57-0.67) |
| GA < 28 weeks |
1.93 (1.57-2.37) |
1.61 (1.31-2.00) |
4.86 (1.81-13.01) |
4.44 (1.66-11.92) |
2.65 (1.78-3.93) |
2.23 (1.48-3.35) |
1.71 (1.35-2.17) |
1.42 (1.11-1.83) |
| GA < 32 weeks |
1.61 (1.43-1.81) |
1.37 (1.21-1.55) |
2.46 (1.17-5.20) |
2.25 (1.06-4.74) |
2.25 (1.78-2.84) |
1.90 (1.50-2.41) |
1.46 (1.26-1.66) |
1.24 (1.07-1.43) |
| GA < 37 weeks |
1.33 (1.27-1.40) |
1.14 (1.08-1.20) |
2.57 (1.94-3.42) |
2.15 (1.60-2.87) |
1.53 (1.38-1.70) |
1.28 (1.15-1.42) |
1.26 (1.20-1.33) |
1.09 (1.03-1.15) |
| GA 37 – 41 weeks |
0.91 (0.88-0.95) |
1.03 (0.99 -1.06) |
0.62 (0.49-0.79) |
0.71 (0.55-0.90) |
0.83 (0.77-0.89) |
0.93 (0.86-1.01) |
0.94 (0.91-0.98) |
1.06 (1.02-1.10) |
| GA ≥42 weeks |
0.92 (0.88-0.97) |
0.85 (0.81-0.89) |
0.87 (0.60-1.27) |
0.84 (0.57-1.22) |
0.96 (0.87-1.07) |
0.91 (0.81-1.01) |
0.91 (0.87-0.96) |
0.84 (0.80-0.89) |
| Epidural analgesia¥ |
1.76 (1.72-1.81) |
1.08 (1.05-1.11) |
1.80 (1.49-2.18) |
1.00 (0.82-1.22) |
1.91 (1.81-2.02) |
1.10 (1.03-1.16) |
1.73 (1.68-1.78) |
1.08 (1.05-1.11) |
| Perineal rupture grade 1-2¥ |
0.60 (0.58-0.62) |
0.52 (0.50-0.54) |
0.66 (0.51-0.86) |
0.48 (0.37-0.64) |
0.56 (0.52-0.61) |
0.47 (0.43-0.52) |
0.61 (0.58-0.63) |
0.53 (0.51-0.55) |
| Perineal rupture grade 3-4¥ |
0.57 (0.51-0.64) |
0.43 (0.38-0.49) |
0.52 (0.19-1.39) |
0.34 (0.13-0.91) |
0.62 (0.47-0.81) |
0.45 (0.34-0.59) |
0.56 (0.49-0.64) |
0.43 (0.37-0.49) |
| Preeclampsia |
1.12 (1.03-1,23) |
0.94 (0.86-1.03) |
1.64 (0.93-2.91) |
1.23 (0.67-2.25) |
1.06 (0.86-1.31) |
0.92 (0.74-1.14) |
1.13 (1.02-1.24) |
0.94 (0.85-1.04) |
| Abruptio placentae |
1.31 (1.11-1.55) |
1.19 (0.99-1.41) |
0.57 (0.08-4.05) |
0.59 (0.08-4.17) |
1.46 (1.01-2.10) |
1.34 (0.93-1.94) |
1.29 (1.07-1.56) |
1.17 (0.96-1.41) |
| Placenta praevia |
0.34 (0.21-0.55) |
0.37 (0.23-0.59) |
2.53 (0.63-10.15) |
2.72 (0.68-10.93) |
0.11 (0.02-0.79) |
0.12 (0.02-0.83) |
0.35 (0.21-0.60) |
0.38 (0.22-0.64) |
| PPH > 1000 ml (VD) |
0.73 (0.67-0.79) |
0.70 (0.64-0.76) |
0.70 (0.37-1.31) |
0.61 (0.33-1.15) |
0.76 (0.63-0.91) |
0.71 (0.60-0.85) |
0.72 (0.66-0.79) |
0.70 (0.64-0.76) |
| PPH > 1000 ml (CS) | 0.93 (0.63-1.36) | 0.98 (0.66-1.44) | N/A | N/A | 1.74 (0.90-3.38) | 1.71 (0.88-3.33) | 0.77 (0.48-1.23) | 0.75 (0.47-1.20) |
Figures denote odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Reference group: Maternal age 20-30 years.
CS = Caesarean section; GA = gestational age at delivery; N/A = not applicable; PPH = postpartum haemorrhage; VD = vaginal delivery.
† Adjusted for BMI and smoking habits at first antenatal care visit, parity and year of delivery. CS and preeclampsia also adjusted for gestational age.
‡ Caesarean section was subdivided into elective and acute CS from 1999.
¥ Epidural analgesia and perineal rupture among vaginal delivered women.