magoo mutant cortex shows increased apoptosis during corticogenesis. (A,B) Cryosections through wild-type and mutant cortices labeled with anti-cleaved caspase 3 (CC3; red, arrowheads) for apoptotic cells and stained with DAPI (blue) for all nuclei. Blood vessels have distinguishable autofluorescence and were not counted. Scale bar: 100 μm. (C) The mean number (± s.e.m.) of apoptotic cells per 100 μm length of ventricle is significantly higher in mutant cortices than in controls. Number of brains: E10.5, 2 +/+, 2 -/-; E12.5, 4 +/+, 3 +/-, 6 -/-; E14.5, 3 +/+, 2 +/-, 5 -/-; E16.5, 5 +/+, 2 +/-, 6 -/-. Average 5 fields per brain. *P≤0.01, **P≤0.001, ***P≤10-5. (D) The percentages of apoptotic cells in proliferative layers (blue) versus neuronal layer (red, cp) were proportional to layer thicknesses at E10.5, E12.5 and E14.5, and similar in controls (C) and mutants (M). Number of brains: E10.5, 2 +/+, 2 -/-; E12.5, 4 +/+, 3 +/-, 6 -/-; E14.5, 3 +/+, 2 +/-, 5 -/-.