Table 6.

Analysis of Covariance of Intervention Effects on Development Scales Comparing Intervention and Control Groups by Gender, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status^a

Spring Post-study Between-Group Effects
		Intervention Group					Control Group
Dependent Variable	n	Adj Mean	SEM	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	N	Adj Mean	SEM	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	Mean Sq	F	ES	P <
Males
Total Development	31	128.10	2.45	123.28	132.93	144	121.35	1.09	119.21	123.50	1021.06	6.14	0.47	.05
Social/Emotional Development	31	33.91	0.81	32.31	35.51	144	31.20	0.36	30.49	31.91	162.34	8.99	0.57	.01
Physical Development	31	22.56	0.37	21.82	23.30	144	21.14	0.17	20.81	21.48	47.82	11.58	0.64	.001
Cognitive Development	31	39.17	0.97	37.26	41.09	144	38.25	0.44	37.39	39.11	19.93	0.74	0.16	NS
Language Development	31	32.83	0.73	31.39	34.28	144	30.68	0.33	30.03	31.34	109.70	7.03	0.50	.01
Females
Total Development	32	133.87	2.51	128.91	138.83	152	124.42	1.11	122.22	126.61	2121.62	11.49	0.65	.001
Social/Emotional Development	32	35.70	0.76	34.20	37.21	152	32.54	0.34	31.86	33.21	241.88	13.97	0.71	.001
Physical Development	32	22.69	0.40	21.91	23.47	152	21.53	0.18	21.18	21.88	33.52	7.03	0.50	.01
Cognitive Development	32	42.12	0.95	40.24	43.99	152	38.76	0.43	37.92	39.60	278.85	10.20	0.60	.01
Language Development	32	34.39	0.91	32.59	36.19	152	31.38	0.41	30.58	32.18	215.84	8.84	0.57	.01
Ethnicity, Hispanic
Total Development	43	129.60	2.18	125.30	133.89	157	121.22	1.10	119.04	123.40	2111.33	11.33	0.63	.001
Social/Emotional Development	43	34.95	0.68	33.61	36.29	157	31.79	0.35	31.10	32.47	302.41	16.55	0.76	.001
Physical Development	43	22.58	0.33	21.92	23.24	157	21.39	0.17	21.05	21.73	45.07	9.83	0.58	.01
Cognitive Development	43	40.07	0.83	38.42	41.71	157	37.94	0.43	37.09	38.78	142.24	5.05	0.42	.05
Language Development	43	32.60	0.78	31.07	34.13	157	29.94	0.39	29.17	30.72	215.16	9.01	0.56	.01
Ethnicity, White
Total Development	17	130.62	3.06	124.49	136.74	42	121.87	1.87	118.12	125.62	768.54	5.55	0.44	.05
Social/Emotional Development	17	34.38	1.04	32.29	36.47	42	32.46	0.63	31.20	33.73	35.75	2.27	0.28	NS
Physical Development	17	22.85	0.47	21.92	23.79	42	21.49	0.29	20.91	22.07	20.67	5.99	0.45	.05
Cognitive Development	17	40.19	1.32	37.54	42.84	42	37.09	0.81	35.47	38.71	97.69	3.74	0.36	NS
Language Development	17	33.44	0.94	31.56	35.32	42	30.73	0.58	29.56	31.89	78.06	5.75	0.44	.05
Free Lunch
Total Development	42	131.61	1.89	127.88	135.34	148	125.29	0.98	123.37	127.22	1168.07	8.48	0.55	.01
Social/Emotional Development	42	36.04	0.59	34.87	37.21	148	32.88	0.31	32.28	33.49	292.52	21.51	0.87	.001
Physical Development	42	22.94	0.27	22.40	23.48	148	21.85	0.14	21.57	22.13	37.29	12.28	0.65	.001
Cognitive Development	42	41.03	0.80	39.45	42.61	148	38.97	0.42	38.15	39.79	127.44	5.05	0.42	.05
Language Development	42	32.92	0.71	31.51	34.33	148	31.22	0.37	30.49	31.95	87.57	4.35	0.39	.05
Non–Free Lunch
Total Development	23	130.09	3.10	123.98	136.20	153	120.33	1.15	118.06	122.59	1686.58	8.51	0.57	.01
Social/Emotional Development	23	33.57	0.98	31.64	35.50	153	30.86	0.37	30.14	31.58	132.80	6.59	0.50	.05
Physical Development	23	22.24	0.52	21.22	23.26	153	20.83	0.19	20.45	21.22	36.53	6.41	0.49	.05
Cognitive Development	23	39.88	1.17	37.57	42.18	153	37.86	0.44	36.99	38.72	74.61	2.58	0.31	NS
Language Development	23	34.13	0.95	32.25	36.01	153	30.82	0.36	30.12	31.53	197.88	10.37	0.63	.01

^aANCOVA: covariates fall and winter baseline scores.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; F, ANOVA test statistic; ES, effect size; NS, not significant; SEM, standard error of measurement.