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. 2012 Mar 1;1(1):36–50. doi: 10.7453/gahmj.2012.1.1.010

Validity and Reliability of Measurement Analysis, Time 1 to Time 3

Items, no. Cases, no. Point Bi-serial Correlation
Mean SD SEM Cronbach's α
Min Max
Fall Pre-study Score (Time 1)
Total Development 50 274 0.26 0.77 51.57 17.43 1.05 0.97
Social/Emotional Development 13 340 0.57 0.71 12.85 5.01 0.27 0.92
Physical Development 8 345 0.43 0.62 9.45 2.79 0.15 0.80
Cognitive Development 16 336 0.52 0.78 14.78 6.59 0.36 0.93
Language Development 13 340 0.47 0.77 12.87 5.73 0.31 0.92
Sense of Self 4 353 0.63 0.66 3.86 1.88 0.10 0.82
Responsibility for Self and Others 5 366 0.52 0.72 4.95 2.12 0.11 0.85
Prosocial Behavior 4 361 0.58 0.69 3.79 1.72 0.09 0.82
Gross Motor 5 351 0.51 0.66 5.92 1.87 0.10 0.79
Fine Motor 3 365 0.46 0.64 3.52 1.41 0.07 0.71
Learning and Problem Solving 5 365 0.63 0.77 4.26 2.25 0.12 0.87
Logical Thinking 8 342 0.56 0.71 7.27 3.76 0.20 0.88
Representation and Symbolic Thinking 3 367 0.63 0.70 2.93 1.35 0.07 0.81
Listening and Speaking 6 355 0.47 0.81 6.87 3.03 0.16 0.88
Reading and Writing 7 353 0.46 0.72 5.80 3.12 0.17 0.85

Winter pre-study score (time 2)
Total Development 50 326 0.47 0.78 91.54 23.33 1.29 0.98
Social/Emotional Development 13 356 0.65 0.78 23.90 6.74 0.36 0.94
Physical Development 8 354 0.42 0.68 16.39 3.32 0.18 0.86
Cognitive Development 16 352 0.57 0.77 27.93 8.27 0.44 0.95
Language Development 13 356 0.51 0.82 22.85 7.17 0.38 0.94
Sense of Self 4 362 0.71 0.76 7.54 2.36 0.12 0.87
Responsibility for Self and Others 5 363 0.63 0.81 9.07 2.80 0.15 0.90
Prosocial Behavior 4 363 0.62 0.72 7.25 2.23 0.12 0.84
Gross Motor 5 359 0.62 0.73 10.00 2.22 0.12 0.87
Fine Motor 3 360 0.52 0.70 6.34 1.61 0.08 0.77
Learning and Problem Solving 5 362 0.72 0.79 8.33 2.79 0.15 0.90
Logical Thinking 8 359 0.55 0.78 13.94 4.60 0.24 0.92
Representation and Symbolic Thinking 3 362 0.65 0.77 5.68 1.72 0.09 0.84
Listening and Speaking 6 357 0.57 0.83 11.39 3.67 0.19 0.91
Reading and Writing 7 364 0.55 0.79 11.45 3.97 0.21 0.90

spring post-study score (time 3)
Total Development 50 341 0.45 0.81 124.44 22.20 1.20 0.98
Social/Emotional Development 13 362 0.58 0.78 32.57 6.44 0.34 0.94
Physical Development 8 367 0.38 0.74 21.60 2.80 0.15 0.86
Cognitive Development 16 364 0.53 0.81 38.80 7.99 0.42 0.95
Language Development 13 368 0.62 0.81 31.52 6.91 0.36 0.95
Sense of Self 4 365 0.61 0.76 10.20 2.02 0.11 0.84
Responsibility for Self and Others 5 372 0.65 0.82 12.46 2.84 0.15 0.91
Prosocial Behavior 4 374 0.59 0.76 9.85 2.17 0.11 0.86
Gross Motor 5 370 0.57 0.74 13.68 1.83 0.10 0.85
Fine Motor 3 372 0.59 0.78 7.95 1.40 0.07 0.83
Learning and Problem Solving 5 373 0.73 0.79 11.58 2.86 0.15 0.91
Logical Thinking 8 367 0.52 0.81 19.39 4.34 0.23 0.93
Representation and Symbolic Thinking 3 374 0.71 0.81 7.87 1.55 0.08 0.87
Listening and Speaking 6 371 0.62 0.83 15.01 3.19 0.17 0.90
Reading and Writing 7 371 0.64 0.83 16.53 4.05 0.21 0.92

Abbreviations: Min, minimum; max, maximum; SD, standard deviation; SEM, standard error of measurement.