Table 5.
Adolescents' Perception of Disapproval of Abusing Substances From Parents and Friends by Gender
| Femalea n (%) | Maleb n (%) | Malec Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Maled Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking cigarettes | ||||
| Perceived parental disapproval | 402 (95.3) | 395 (88.2) | 0.37 (0.22–0.63)* | 0.34 (0.19–0.59)* |
| Perceived friends' disapproval | 178 (42.1) | 153 (34.4) | 0.72 (0.55–0.95)* | 0.73 (0.55–0.97)* |
| Drinking alcohol | ||||
| Perceived parental disapproval | 391 (92.6) | 386 (87.1) | 0.54 (0.34–0.85)* | 0.46 (0.29–0.75)* |
| Perceived friends' disapproval | 163 (38.8) | 148 (33.7) | 0.80 (0.61–1.06) | 0.76 (0.57–1.01) |
| Using marijuana | ||||
| Perceived parental disapproval | 396 (94.5) | 398 (90.2) | 0.54 (0.32–0.91)* | 0.48 (0.27–0.83)* |
| Perceived friends' disapproval | 145 (34.8) | 130 (29.6) | 0.79 (0.59–1.05) | 0.77 (0.57–1.04) |
| Using prescription drugs | ||||
| Perceived parental disapproval | 395 (94.9) | 392 (89.7) | 0.46 (0.27–0.79)* | 0.43 (0.24–0.75)* |
| Perceived friends' disapproval | 201 (48.8) | 174 (40.3) | 0.71 (0.54–0.93)* | 0.71 (0.53–0.94)* |
a,b
6-17 females and 13-29 males did not answer at least one question mentioned above.
c
Females considered as reference category.
d
Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used; adjusted by age, race/ethnicity, education level, parental education level, and whether they live with both parents or not.
*
P <.05 considered statistically significant.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.