Table 4.
Predictors of composite cardiovascular outcome in the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses
| |
Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
|||||
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age (per 1 year) |
1.01 (0.97–1.05) |
0.720 |
1.00 (0.95–1.06) |
0.893 |
- |
|
| Sex, male |
0.95 (0.40–2.23) |
0.901 |
0.77 (0.22–2.70) |
0.678 |
0.83 (0.34–2.05) |
0.685 |
| Hypertension |
2.27 (0.66–7.75) |
0.181 |
2.10 (0.56–7.82) |
0.271 |
- |
|
| Diabetes |
2.21 (0.88–5.55) |
0.082 |
1.89 (0.70–5.11) |
0.208 |
- |
|
| Hyperlipidemia |
1.32 (0.56–3.14) |
0.522 |
1.31 (0.52–3.33) |
0.570 |
1.54 (0.64–3.72) |
0.340 |
| Atrial fibrillation |
1.39 (0.31–6.32) |
0.669 |
1.56 (0.24–10.24) |
0.642 |
1.19 (0.23–6.10) |
0.837 |
| Smoking |
1.19 (0.49–2.90) |
0.697 |
1.52 (0.40–5.77) |
0.538 |
- |
|
| Previous stroke history |
1.33 (0.51–3.44) |
0.557 |
1.40 (0.51–3.82) |
0.516 |
- |
|
| Coronary arterial disease |
1.26 (0.45–3.59) |
0.661 |
0.99 (0.31–3.17) |
0.984 |
- |
|
| Peripheral arterial disease |
4.99 (1.13–22.0) |
0.034 |
8.29 (0.92–74.52) |
0.059 |
- |
|
| ESRS (per 1) |
1.38 (1.01–1.88) |
0.045 |
- |
|
1.46 (1.02–2.08) |
0.036 |
| Symptomatic stenosis of vertebral artery origin* |
0.99 (0.41–2.39) |
0.978 |
1.09 (0.40–2.95) |
0.869 |
1.04 (0.40–2.74) |
0.935 |
| Concurrent vertebrobasilar stenosis‡ |
1.61 (0.67–3.90) |
0.287 |
1.12 (0.39–3.21) |
0.837 |
1.35 (0.52–3.55) |
0.540 |
| Concurrent carotid stenosis‡ | 0.90 (0.30–2.68) | 0.848 | 0.41 (0.89–1.91) | 0.256 | 0.65 (0.21–2.06) | 0.467 |
*symptomatic stenosis compared to asymptomatic stenosis of vertebral artery origin.
†indicates the presence of concurrent severe stenosis or occlusion of the contralateral vertebral artery, or tandem stenosis of the intracranial vertebral artery or basilar artery.
‡indicates the concurrent presence of more than 50% stenosis of at least one carotid artery.
ESRS Essen Stroke Risk Score.