Table 3.
Distribution of normal blood pressure pre-hypertension and hypertension by age, education, marital status, diet, physical activity, smoking, use of alcohol, BMI and place of residence
|
Variable |
Total |
Normol BP |
Pre-hypertension |
Hypertension |
(Chi-square) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 4142) % (CI) | (N = 1720) % (CI) | (N = 1460) % (CI) | (N = 962) % (CI) | P-value | |
| Was 40 years and above | |||||
| |
36.6 (35.1-38.1) |
23.5 (21.5-25.5) |
33.5 (31.1-35.9) |
64.7*(61.7-66.7) |
(413.7) < 0.001 |
| Reported frequent physical activity | |||||
| |
83.7 (82.6-84.8) |
85.3 (83.6-87.0) |
85.4 (83.6-87.2) |
78.0 (75.4-80.6) |
(9.2) < 0.001 |
| Reported frequent consumption of vegetables | |||||
| |
45.8 (44.3-47.3) |
47.5 (45.1-49.9) |
45.7 (43.1-48.3) |
43 0 (40.0-46.1) |
(4.7) 0.030 |
| Reported frequent consumption of fruits | |||||
| |
40.9 (39.4-42.4) |
42.6 (40.3-44.9) |
41.9 (39.4-44.3) |
36.2 (33.2-39.3) |
(9.2) 0.002 |
| Currently consumes Alcohol | |||||
| |
25.8 (23.4-28.1) |
21.7 (19.0-24.4) |
27.1 (24.2-29.8) |
31.2 (27.2-35.2) |
(30.8) < 0.001 |
| Currently smokes | |||||
| |
6.4 (5.4-7.5) |
5.8 (4.6-6.9) |
6.2 (4.6-7.9) |
8.0 (6.2-9.8) |
(4.7) 0.030 |
| Was married or co-habiting | |||||
| |
62.1(60.6-63.6) |
66.5 (64.3-68.7) |
59.9 (57.4-62.4) |
57.6 (54.5-60.7) |
(23.7) < 0.001 |
| Had at least secondary level of education | |||||
| |
42.7 (41.2-44.2) |
45.3 (43.0-47.7) |
44.9 (42.4-47.5) |
34.5 (31.5-37.5) |
(24.5) < 0.001 |
| Body Mass Index is 25 Kg/M2 or more | |||||
| |
20.2 (19.0-21.4) |
15.5 (13.8-17.2) |
19.7 (17.7-21.7) |
29.3 (26.4-32.2) |
(68.9) <0.001 |
| Sex is male | |||||
| |
35.7 (34.2-37.2) |
27.6 (25.5-29.7) |
44.2 (41.6-46.8) |
37.1 (34.1-40.2) |
(40.3) < 0.001 |
| Resided in an urban area | |||||
| 33.1 (31.7-34.5) | 31.0 (28.8-33.2) | 33.5 (31.1-35.9) | 36.0 (33.0-39.0) | (6.9) 0.008 | |
P-value refers to test of chi-square for linear trend among those with normal blood pressure, pre-hypertension or hypertension.
*Numbers shown in columns are percent of people with normal BP, pre-hypertension or hypertension that have a particular variable. E.g. 64.7% of people with hypertension are 40 years and above.