Table 3.
Multivariate Regression Models for Depression and PTSD (n=142)
| Depression (DSRS) | PTSD (CPSS) | Function Impairment (FI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | p-value | β (95% CI) | p-value | β (95% CI) | p-value | |
| CHILD VARIABLES | ||||||
| Age | −0.35 (−0.76—0.05) | .08 | −0.29 (−1.42—0.85) | .62 | −0.21 (−0.71−0.29) | .42 |
| Female | 2.61 (0.91—4.31) | .003 | 2.71 (−1.08—6.50) | .16 | 1.75 (0.05—3.44) | .04 |
| Education (none=ref) | ||||||
| Primary | −1.31 (−4.75—2.21) | .11 | 1.29 (−4.05—6.62) | .76 | −0.72 (−4.67—3.23) | .31 |
| Lower Secondary | −1.43 (−4.78—1.92) | 0.21 (−4.61—5.02) | −1.89 (−5.91—2.13) | |||
| Secondary + | −2.47 (−5.32—0.37) | −0.44(−5.11—4.23) | −2.23 (−6.06—1.61) | |||
| Married | 1.06 (−1.04—3.17) | .32 | −0.82 (−4.06—2.42) | .62 | 0.29 (−1.49—2.07) | .75 |
| Recruitment (>14yrs) | 0.58 (−1.25—2.41) | .54 | 0.60 (−2.83—4.03) | .73 | 0.77 (−1.14—2.68) | .43 |
| Time as soldier (>1yr.) | −0.17 (−1.89—1.55) | .85 | −0.27 (−3.72—3.18) | .88 | −0.06 (−2.49—2.37) | .96 |
| Time since returned (>1yr.) | 0.56 (−1.36—2.48) | .57 | 0.60 (−2.35—3.54) | .69 | 0.89 (−1.05—2.83) | .37 |
| Beating | 0.14 (−1.80—2.07) | .89 | 1.71 (−1.36—4.79) | .28 | 0.59 (−1.51—2.70) | .58 |
| Bombing | 1.93 (0.59—3.26) | .005 | 2.00 (−1.36—4.80) | .08 | 2.97 (1.38—4.56) | <.001 |
| Abduction | −0.10 (−1.43—1.22) | .88 | 0.89 (−1.90—3.67) | .53 | −0.32 (−1.97—1.33) | .70 |
| Torture | 1.02 (−0.71—1.22) | .25 | 5.18 (2.04—8.32) | .001 | 0.67 −1.37—2.70) | .52 |
| Still Associated | −3.29 (−5.62—−0.96) | .006 | −4.74 (−8.40—−1.08) | .01 | −0.68 (−2.59—1.32) | .49 |
| FAMILY VARIABLES | ||||||
| Joint Family | 1.35 (−0.50—3.19) | .15 | 3.20 (0.11—6.30) | .04 | 0.79 (−1.20—2.79) | .44 |
| Family Size (#members) | −0.01 (−0.35—0.40) | .98 | −0.21 (−0.87—0.45) | .53 | 0.9 (−0.43—0.60) | .74 |
| Hindu Religion | 2.34 (0.33—4.36) | .02 | 4.65 (0.25—9.06) | .04 | −0.60 (−2.87—1.66) | .60 |
| Caste (High Caste=ref.) | ||||||
| Dalit | −0.51 (−2.05—1.03) | .02 | −1.18 (−4.16—1.81) | .15 | 2.74 (0.91—4.56) | <.001 |
| Janajati | −2.37 (−4.08—−0.66) | −3.59 (−7.21—0.03) | −0.69 (−2.97—1.59) | |||
| Wealth | 0.03 (−0.77—0.83) | .94 | −0.26 (−1.43—0.91) | .66 | −0.18 (−0.85—0.49) | .61 |
| Wealth Worse After Conflict | 0.89 (−0.59—2.37) | .24 | −0.73 (−4.36—2.91) | .67 | 4.24 (1.32—5.14) | .001 |
| Female Decision Maker | 0.67 (−0.95—2.30) | .41 | 1.32 (−1.23—3.87) | .31 | 1.47 (−0.81—3.75) | .21 |
| Family Member Killed | 0.57 (−4.39—5.52) | .82 | 3.57 (−3.09—10.23) | .29 | 0.52 (−2.91—3.96) | .76 |
| Physical Abuse | 3.30 (1.21—5.39) | .002 | 0.41 (−3.22—4.05) | .83 | 1.61 (−1.38—4.62) | .29 |
| COMMUNITY VARIABLES | ||||||
| Mortality (>200) | 1.82 (0.05—3.59) | .04 | 7.72 (3.75—11.69) | <.001 | 3.98 (1.95—6.02) | <.001 |
| Female Literacy (>45%) | −0.49 (−1.92—0.94) | .50 | −0.76 (−5.05—3.50) | .72 | 0.19 (−1.86—2.25) | .86 |
| High Caste Proportion (>40%) | 1.12 (−1.50—3.73) | .40 | 1.81 (−4.52—2.59) | .60 | −1.45 (−3.55—0.67) | .18 |
Note: Generalized estimating equations used to control for village clusters.