Table 3.
Antimicrobial resistance of isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae from children with non-severe pneumonia randomised to 3 days or 5 days of treatment with amoxicillin. Isolates cultured from nasopharyngeal swabs taken at enrolment (day 0) and final follow up (day 14)
|
No of resistant isolates/total tested (%)
|
P value of difference between treatments
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Day 0
|
Day 14
|
Change from day 0 to day 14
|
||||
| Antibiotic resistance* | 3 day treatment | 5 day treatment | 3 day treatment | 5 day treatment | At day 14 | |
| S pneumoniae: | ||||||
| Co-trimoxazole | 253/380 (66.6) | 252/381 (66.1) | 106/159 (66.7) | 111/142 (78.2) | 0.02 | 0.05 |
| Chloramphenicol | 21/418 (5.0) | 14/419 (3.3) | 9/163 (5.5) | 6/142 (4.2) | 0.6 | 0.89 |
| Oxacillin | 67/408 (16.4) | 64/413 (15.5) | 17/160 (10.6) | 17/141 (12.1) | 0.7 | 0.59 |
| Erythromycin | 15/421 (3.6) | 9/418 (2.2) | 2/161 (1.2) | 4/142 (2.8) | 0.3 | 0.14 |
| H influenzae: | ||||||
| Co-trimoxazole | 118/217 (54.4) | 133/218 (61.0) | 74/129 (57.4) | 64/106 (60.4) | 0.64 | 0.65 |
| Chloramphenicol | 58/232 (25.0) | 57/234 (24.4) | 27/126 (21.4) | 24/108 (22.2) | 0.88 | 0.83 |
| Erythromycin | 69/230 (30.0) | 65/232 (28.0) | 39/126 (31.0) | 31/108 (28.7) | 0.7 | 0.97 |
| Ampicillin | 46/235 (19.6) | 40/237 (16.9) | 30/129 (23.3) | 24/108 (22.2) | 0.85 | 0.8 |
*
Resistance based on zone of inhibition in mm. S pneumoniae resistant to oxacillin (<20), chloramphenicol (≤20), erythromycin (≤15), co-trimoxazole (≤15). H influenzae resistant to ampicillin (<18), chloramphenicol (<25), erythromycin (<15), co-trimoxazole (<10).