Table 1.
Synthesis of the cichlid species analyzed with respect to the karyotypic formulae, heterochromatin distribution and CMA3 patterns. m/sm, metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes; st/a, subtelocentric and acrocentric chromosomes; mi, microchromosomes; q, the long arm of a chromosome; p, the short arm of a chromosome; PeriC or C, pericentromeric regions; Prox, proximal portion of a chromosome; Term, Terminal portion of a chromosome; Int, interstitial portion of a chromosome; Adj, adjacent region; NOR, nucleolus organizing region; The numbers in the column “Additional blocks” indicate the number of chromosomes with the described pattern; in some cases, the ranking of these chromosomes are indicated in parentheses.
| Tribes and species | Origin of animals | 2n | Karyotypic formulae | Heterochromatin distribution | CMA3 + blocks | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General pattern | Additional blocks | ||||||
| Cichlini | |||||||
| Cichla piquiti Kullander et Ferreira, 2006 | Das Mortes river, Araguaia basin, MT State, Brazil | 48 | 48st/a | PeriC | NOR; term 2 | NOR (term) | This work |
| Cichla kelberi Kullander et Ferreira, 2006 | Araguaia river, MT State, Brazil | 48 | 48st/a | C | NOR; int 1 q | absent | Teixeira et al. 2009 |
| Cichla monoculus Spix et Agassiz, 1831 | Uatumã and Solimões rivers, AM State, Brazil | 48 | 48a | PeriC | NOR; int 1 q | absent | Brinn et al. 2004 |
| Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 | Uatumã and Jaú rivers, AM State, Brazil | 48 | 48a | PeriC | NOR; int 1 q | absent | Brinn et al. 2004 |
| Retroculini | |||||||
| Retroculus lapidifer lapidifer (Castelnau, 1855) | Das Mortes river, Araguaia basin, MT State, Brazil | 48 | 48st/a | PeriC | NOR; term 1 q | NOR (term) and PeriC | This work |
| Astronotini | |||||||
| Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) | Tietê river, SP State, Brazil | 48 | 16m/sm + 32st/a | C | NOR | absent | Mazzuchelli and Martins 2009 |
| Geophagini | |||||||
| Apistogramma trifasciata (Eigenmann et Kennedy, 1903) | Paraná river, Missiones, Argentina | 46 | 16m/sm + 30st/a | PeriC | absent | absent | Roncati et al. 2007 |
| Biotodoma cupido (Heckel, 1840) | Das Mortes river, Araguaia basin, MT State, Brazil | 48 | 4m/sm + 44st/a | PeriC | NOR; some prox blocks | NOR (int) | This work |
| Crenicichla britskii Kullander, 1982 | Jupiá river, PR State, Brazil | 48 | 8m/sm + 40st/a | PeriC | NOR; 1 p almost completely heterochromatic (1st pair) | absent | Benzaquem et al. 2008 |
| Crenicichla strigata Günther, 1862 | Das Mortes river, Araguaia basin, MT State, Brazil | 48 | 6m/sm + 42st/a | PeriC | NOR; some prox blocks | NOR (term) and PeriC | This work |
| Crenicichla prope johanna Heckel, 1840 | Negro and Solimões rivers, AM State, Brazil | 48 | 8m/sm + 40st/a | PeriC | NOR; term 1 q (19th pair) | absent | Benzaquem et al. 2008 |
| Crenicichla cincta Regan, 1905 | Negro and Solimões rivers, AM State, Brazil | 48 | 8m/sm + 40st/a | PeriC | adj NOR | absent | Benzaquem et al. 2008 |
| Crenicichla iguassuensis Haseman, 1911 | Iguaçu river, PR State, Brazil | 48 | 4m + 4sm + 14st + 26a | PeriC | Some term blocks | NOR | Mizoguchi et al. 2007 |
| Crenicichla inpa Ploeg, 1991 | Negro and Solimões rives, AM State, Brazil | 48 | 6m/sm + 42st/a | PeriC | adj NOR | absent | Benzaquem et al. 2008 |
| Crenicichla lepidota Heckel, 1840 | São Gonçalo stream and Polegar lake, RS State, Brazil | 48 | 4m + 4sm + 40st/a | PeriC | term 1 p and 1 q (1st pair); int 1 q (1st pair) | NOR | Perazzo et al. 2010 |
| Crenicichla lepidota Heckel, 1840 | Porto Rico region, Paraná river basin, PR State, Brazil | 48 | 2m + 4sm + 42st/a | PeriC | int 2 (1st and 5th pairs) | absent | Martins et al. 1995 |
| Crenicichla lugubris Heckel, 1840 | Negro and Solimões rivers, AM State, Brazil | 48 | 8m/sm + 40st/a | PeriC | NOR; int 1 q (2nd pair) | absent | Benzaquem et al. 2008 |
| Crenicichla niederleinii (Holmberg, 1891) | Paraná river, Missiones, Argentina | 48 | 6m/sm + 42st/a | PeriC | absent | absent | Roncati et al. 2007 |
| Crenicichla reticulata (Heckel, 1840) | Negro and Solimões river, AM State, Brazil | 48 | 6m/sm + 42st/a | PeriC | adj NOR; int 1 q (10th pair) | absent | Benzaquem et al. 2008 |
| Crenicichla sp.1 | Iguaçu river, PR State, Brazil | 48 | 4m + 4sm + 14st + 26a | PeriC | Some term blocks | NOR | Mizoguchi et al. 2007 |
| Crenicichla sp. 2 | Iguaçu river, PR State, Brazil | 48 | 4m + 4sm + 14st + 26a | PeriC | Some term blocks | NOR | Mizoguchi et al. 2007 |
| Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy et Gaimard, 1824) | Socavão and Verde rivers, PR State, Brazil | 48 | 6sm + 42st/a | PeriC/C | absent | NOR | Vicari et al. 2006 |
| Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy et Gaimard, 1824) | Jaguarriaíva river, PR State, Brazil | 48 | 6sm + 42st/a | PeriC/C | Some int blocks | NOR | Vicari et al. 2006 |
| Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy et Gaimard, 1824) | Saco da Alemoa, Gasômero, RS State, Brazil | 48 | 4sm + 44st/a | PeriC | NOR | NOR | Pires et al. 2010 |
| Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy et Gaimard, 1824) | Cambezinho and Três Bocas stream, Tibagi river basin, PR State, Brazil | 48 | 4sm + 44st/a | C | NOR | NOR | Pires et al. 2008 |
| Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy et Gaimard, 1824) | Pirapo river, Paranapanema basin, PR State, Brazil | 48 | 8sm + 40st/a | PeriC | prox 1 p (10th pair) | absent | Martins et al. 1995 |
| Geophagus proximus (Castelnau, 1855) | Das Mortes river, Araguaia basin, MT State, Brazil | 48 | 4m/sm + 44st/a | PeriC | NOR; 1 p almost completely heterochromatic | NOR (int) | This work |
| Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia, 1891) | Paraná river, Missiones State, Argentina | 48 | 2m/sm + 46st/a | PeriC | absent | absent | Roncati et al. 2007 |
| Geophagus gymnogenys (Hensel, 1870) | Saco da Alemoa, Barra do Ribeiro, Gasômetro, RS State, Brazil | 48 | 4m + 44st/a; 6m + 42st/a | PeriC | NOR | NOR | Pires et al. 2010 |
| Geophagus labiatus (Hensel, 1870) | Saco da Alemoa, Forqueta river, RS State, Brazil | 48 | 4m + 4sm + 40st/a | PeriC | absent | NOR | Pires et al. 2010 |
| Gymnogeophagus sp. | Paraná river, Missiones, Argentina | 48 | 2m/sm + 46st/a | PeriC | absent | absent | Roncati et al. 2007 |
| Satanoperca jurupari (Heckel, 1840) | Das Mortes river, Araguaia basin, MT State, Brazil | 48 | 4m/sm + 44st/a | PeriC | absent | NOR | This work |
| Satanoperca pappaterra (Heckel, 1840) | Porto rico region, Parana river basin, PR State, Brazil | 48 | 6sm + 42st/a | PeriC | absent | absent | Martins et al. 1995 |
| Cichlasomatini | |||||||
| Aequidens tetramerus Heckel, 1840 | Araguaia river, MT State, Brazil | 48 | 12m/sm + 36st/a | PeriC | absent | NOR | This work |
| Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842) | São Gonçalo stream and Polegar lake, RS State, Brazil | 48 | 22sm + 26st/a | PeriC/C | absent | NOR | Perazzo et al. 2010 |
| Bujurquina vittata (Heckel, 1840) | Paraná river, Missiones, Argentina | 44 | 22m/sm + 8st/a + 14 mi | PeriC | NOR; p arm of 5th pair completely heterochromatic | absent | Roncati et al. 2007 |
| Cichlasoma dimerus (Heckel, 1840) | Paraná river, Missiones, Argentina | 48 | 8m/sm + 40st/a | PeriC | absent | absent | Roncati et al. 2007 |
| Cichlasoma facetum (Jenyns, 1842) | Tarumã lake, PR State, Brazil | 48 | 10sm + 38 st/a | PeriC/C | absent | NOR | Vicari et al. 2006 |
| Cichlasoma paranaense Kullander, 1983 | Porto rico region, Parana river basin, PR State, Brazil | 48 | 20sm + 28 st/a | PeriC | prox 2 p (2nd and 9th pairs) | absent | Martins et al. 1995 |
| Laetacara araguaiae Ottoni et Costa, 2009 | Araguaia river, MT State, Brazil | 44 | 4m/sm + 40st/a | PeriC | absent | NOR | This work |
| Laetacara prope dorsigera (Heckel, 1840) | Paraná river, PR State, Brazil | 43 | 5m + 38a | C | NOR | absent | Martins-Santos et al. 2005 |
| 44 | 4m + 40a | ||||||
| 45 | 3m + 42a | ||||||
| 46 | 2m + 44a | ||||||
| Heroini | |||||||
| Heros efasciatus Heckel, 1840 | Araguaia river, MT State, Brazil | 48 | 8m/sm + 40st/a | PeriC | absent | NOR (term) and int 1 p | This work |
| Mesonauta festivus (Heckel, 1840) | Das Mortes river, Araguaia basin, MT State, Brazil | 48 | 14m/sm + 34st/a | PeriC | NOR; term 2 q | NOR (term) | This work |
| Pterophyllum scalare (Schultze, 1823) | Jari river, PA State, Brazil | 48 | 12m/sm + 36st/a | PeriC/C | 1 p almost completely heterochromatic (1st pair) | NOR, some centromeres | Nascimento et al. 2006 |
| Symphysodon aequifasciatus Pellegrin, 1904 | Bauana lake, Tefé river, AM State, Brazil | 60 | 8m/sm + 8st/a +4mi; 50m/sm + 6st/a +4mi | PeriC | Some prox blocks; int 1 q (1st pair) | absent | Mesquita et al. 2008 |
| Symphysodon discus Heckel, 1840 | Boi-boi stream, Negro river, AM State, Brazil | 60 | 50m/sm + 10st/a; 54m/sm + 6st/a | PeriC | Some prox blocks | absent | Mesquita et al. 2008 |
| Symphysodon haraldi Schultz, 1960 | Manacapuru river, AM State, Brazil | 60 | 52m/sm + 4st/a +4mi | PeriC | Some prox blocks | absent | Mesquita et al. 2008 |