Simultaneous knock-down of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 induces apoptosis in PaCa cells. BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2, and Panc-1 cells were transiently transfected with siRNA against Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL for 24 h and the expression of these proteins was confirmed by Western blot (A). DNA fragmentation (B) and changes in nuclear morphology (C) after siRNA transfection were measured by Cell Death ELISA and Hoechst 33258 staining, respectively. Arrowheads indicate apoptotic cells characterized by morphologic changes such as chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. Results are representative of three independent experiments and are presented as mean ± SD (bars). *p<0.05. **p<0.01. (D) AsPC-1 cells were transfected with siRNA against Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL for 24 h, after which DNA fragmentation was quantified by Cell Death ELISA. Results are representative of three independent experiments and are presented as mean ± SD (bars). *p<0.05.